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This paper explores strategies for achieving Quality of Service (QoS) and resilience across different levels of the protocol stack. It categorizes geographical infrastructure into core, metropolitan, access, local area, and personal area networks. Additionally, it discusses various service networks, including PSTN, the Internet and extranets, and VPNs. The focus also includes the optical core network, delving into Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) and the functionalities of opaque and transparent switches.
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