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第六章 分子的结构与性质

第六章 分子的结构与性质. 6-1：根据电负性差， 键极性： Cl 2 <CCl 4 <HCl<AgCl<NaCl 6-4： 键极性: ( 1) 最小 PCl 5 ； 最大 NaCl (2) 最小 HI； 最大 HF 6-5: PH 3 BH 3 SiH 4 CO 2 / HCN. OF 2 SF 6 H 2 O 2. CH 4. C 2 H 4. C 2 H 2.

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第六章 分子的结构与性质

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  1. 第六章 分子的结构与性质 • 6-1：根据电负性差，键极性：Cl2<CCl4<HCl<AgCl<NaCl • 6-4：键极性: (1) 最小PCl5；最大NaCl (2) 最小HI； 最大HF • 6-5: PH3 BH3 SiH4 CO2 / HCN OF2 SF6 H2O2

  2. CH4 C2H4 C2H2 H3COH CH2O 碳原子是何 种杂化轨道 sp3 sp2 sp sp3 sp2 分子中π键数 0 1 2 0 1 • 6-6： rHm=ΣE反应物 -ΣE产物(kJ·mol-1) • (1) H2 + Cl2 == 2HCl，rHm=E(H2)+E(Cl2)–2E(HCl)=…=-182 • (2) 3Cl2 + N2 == 2NCl3，rHm=3E(Cl2)+E(N2)–6E(NCl)=…=874 • 6-7： • 6-8： C1: sp3 C2: sp2 C3: sp2 C4: sp2 C5: sp3

  3. 6-9：SiF4 BeCl2 NF3 BCl3 H2S HCCl3 • 四面体 直线 三角锥 平面正∆ 角形 四面体 • μ=0 =0 ≠0 =0 ≠0 ≠0 • 6-10: μ: HF>HCl, F2O>CO2, CCl4=CH4 PH3<NH3, H2S<H2O, BF3<NF3 • 6-16：Cl2—CCl4 CO2—H2O H2S—H2O NH3—H2O 色 色+诱 取+色+诱 取+色+诱+氢 • 6-19：苯—CCl4甲醇—H2O HBr液体 He—H2O 色 取+色+诱+氢 取+色+诱 色+诱 • 6-20：乙醇分子间存在氢键，而二甲醚没有

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