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Impressionism. Intro. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQLwVtb8kDo. Background. Officially first collective exhibition in 1874: not in the Salon….on their own Founding artists who exhibited: Monet, Manet, Morisot, Bazille, and Renoir are just a sample
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Intro • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQLwVtb8kDo
Background • Officially first collective exhibition in 1874: not in the Salon….on their own • Founding artists who exhibited: Monet, Manet, Morisot, Bazille, and Renoir are just a sample • Manet was huge influence…other artists gathered around him • Called themselves the “Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, etc” • Works not given credit by salon and critics of the day • Term Impressionism coined by Louis Leroy, the art critic, who accused Monet of not finishing or just sketching in his painting entitled Impression, Sunrise
Characteristics of Movement • Light, Light and more Light!!!! Color affected by changing light conditions: time of day and season • Built upon concepts of Realism: portraying the everyday • Use of visible and often broken brushstrokes • Initially, pure colors placed next to each other…no mixing on palette • Invention of synthetic colors allowed for a brighter intensity of color palette…almost shocking • Invention of tubes for containing paint allowed for easier outdoor works
Claude Monet • Born Nov 14, 1840: Paris • Died Dec 5, 1926: Giverny • Studied as painter • Influenced heavily by Manet • Artistic circle of friends included: Bazille, Renoir, Courbet, Cassatt, etc • Troubled times: at one point depression drove him to attempt suicide • Married twice, 2 children • Both wives and one child died prior to Monet’s death
Works • Rouen Cathedrals: http://www.intermonet.com/oeuvre/rouen.htm • Poplars: http://www.intermonet.com/oeuvre/peuplier.htm • Waterlilies: http://www.intermonet.com/oeuvre/nymphea1.htm
Mary Cassatt • 1844-1926 • Born in Pennsylvania • Parents well to do (banking) • Believed education included world travel • First lessons in art were in Europe • Attended the world’s fair in Paris in 1855, where she most likely viewed the works of Degas and Pisarro: future Impressionists and colleagues • Studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in Philly at age 15 • Patronizing and male dominated education that would not permit drawing nudes from life (plaster casts) • 1866 Left school and finally obtained approval from family to pursue profession in art and traveled to Paris with chaperones • 1868, first painting accepted by Paris salon: Romantic style • Dozen years of struggle with no support from father for artistic pursuits • "I have given up my studio & torn up my father's portrait, & have not touched a brush for six weeks nor ever will again until I see some prospect of getting back to Europe. I am very anxious to go out west next fall & get some employment, but I have not yet decided where." • 1871: Return to Paris: Success! Exhibited at Salon and sold work • "O how wild I am to get to work, my fingers farely itch & my eyes water to see a fine picture again"
Down again….frustrated by politics and genre painting supported by salon • 1877 Invited to exhibit with Impressionists • Henry Bacon, a friend of the Cassatts, thought that the Impressionists were so radical that they were "afflicted with some hitherto unknown disease of the eye". • Degas befriended and influenced Cassatt: proficient in pastels • Successive years saw critical acheivement • Purchased Degas and Monet • Broke with impressionists in 1886, created prints and developed a more straightforward style influenced by Japonism: style had blocks of color and clear design • Most known for her works with theme of mother and child • Continued to create with bouts of self doubt, esp after trip to Egypt • Became blind • 1914: Worked on Women’s suffrege and exhibited 18 works toward that end • France awarded her the Legion d'honneur in 1904.
Edouard Manet • Born 23 Jan 1832 France • Died 30 Apr 1883 France • Considered father of Impressionism • Wealthy family • Tried naval aspirations but failed and studied art with Couture and opened own studio • Salon would not accept his works and he turned to Impressionist circle • Work considered controversial due to realist nature that shocked society • Eventually joined army during Prussian conflict, evacuated his family and stopped painting • Grew ill and eventually died with no more art production!
Characteristics of work • Used thick lines and dark colors favored by Couture • However, discarded use of Glazing techniques in favor of alla prima style: each brushstroke of color meant to be seen • Would create depth of color by contrasting colors • Influenced by development of photography and esp Nadar • Influenced by Valezquez and darker undertones
Boating, 1874Édouard Manet (French, 1832–1883)Oil on canvas;
Resources • http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/imml/hd_imml.htm • http://giverny.org/monet/biograph/ • http://www.marycassatt.org/biography.html • http://www.artcyclopedia.com/history/impressionism.html • http://www.artble.com/artists/edouard_manet
