Ch. 16- Section 2: Behavioral Interactions

1. Ch. 16- Section 2:Behavioral Interactions Note-taking Worksheet

2. Social behaviors are interactions among organisms of the same species.

3. Social behaviors include: • Courtship and mating • Caring for young • Claiming territories • Protecting each other • Getting food

4. A society is a group of animals of the same species living and working together in an organized way.

5. Quiz Time Questions • Name one social behavior. • What are social behaviors? • A group of animals of the same species living and working together in an organized way is known as a ________.

6. Territorial Behavior A territory is an area that an animal defends from other members of the same species.

7. Territorial behavior occurs in different ways. Examples: Animal sounds, scents, patrol and attack.

8. Why do animals defend their territories? Territories contain food, shelter, and potential mates in which the animal wants to control. Defending a territory is an instinctive behavior.

9. Aggression is a forceful behavior used to dominate and control another animal.

10. Submission is used by an animal of the same species to aviod attack and injury.

11. Quiz Time Questions • What are some examples of territorial behaviors? • How does territorial behavior help organisms to survive? • ________ is when an animal uses forceful behavior to dominate another animal, and ________ is used by an animal to avoid attack. • What are the three main reasons an animal will defend its territory?

12. Communication Communication is an action by the sender that influences the behavior of the receiver.

13. There are many different forms of communication such as with sound, scents, actions, alarm calls, chemicals, speech, courtship behavior and aggression.

14. Courtship behavior allows male & female members of a species to recognize each other. These behaviors help to ensure reproduction success.

15. Chemical communication occurs when an animal uses a pheromone which is a chemical that influences the behavior of another animal of the same species.

16. Sound communication can be heard in many different forms. A few examples are crickets chirping, mosquitos buzzing, rabbits thumping, gorillas pounding chests, beavers slapping tails.

17. Certain kinds of animals communicate by light or bioluminescents. These lights are produced through chemical reactions.

18. Quiz Time Questions • _________ is an action by the sender that influences the behavior of the receiver. • How are bioluminescents produced? • What are pheromones used for? • What is it that allows male and female members of the same species to recognize each other?

19. Cyclic Behavior A cyclic behavior is an innate behavior that occurs in a repeating pattern.

20. Circadian rhythm is based on a 24-hour cycle. Most animals come close to this 24 hour cycle. Animals that are awake during the day are diurnal while animals active at night are nocturnal.

21. Hibernation is a cyclic response to cold temperatures and limited food supplies. The following things occur when an animal hibernate: body temperature drops, breathing rate reduced, animals survive on a reserve of body fat.

22. Estivation is a period of reduced activity. When temperatures are extreme or there is a lack of food or drought, animals will estivate. Example: snails

23. Instead of hibernating, many birds and mammals move to a new location when seasons change. This seasonal movement is called migration. Animals migrate to find food and many times to reproduce.

24. Quiz Time Questions • An innate behavior that occurs in a repeating pattern is called a _____________. • What is the difference between hibernation and migration? • What is the difference between nocturnal and diurnal?