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??? ?????. . . ?????. ?????. ?????. ???????. ??? ??????. ???????????????????????????????????????????????????. ??????????? . (1)?????:????????????????????,??????????????,??????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????. (2) ????:??

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    1. ??? ????? ????:??? ??

    2. ??? ?????

    3. ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????

    4. ??????????? (1)?????:??????? ?????????????,??? ???????????,????? ????????????????? ????????????????, ????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????

    5. (2) ????:????????? ????????(?????)? (3) ??:??????????? (4) ??:??????????? ??????????????,?? ??????????????,?? ???????????

    6. (5) ?????:???????? ????????????????? ????????,???????? ?,?????,????????? ??? (6) ????:?????,??? ??????????,?????? ???

    7. (7) ????:????????? ???????,????????? ???????????

    8. ?????????????? (1)???????????? ??????????,????? ?,??99.9%??? (2)??????,?????, ?????????,??????? ?????????????????

    9. (3)?????????????? ????? (4) ???????????????

    10. ??????

    11. (?) ????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????

    12. (?) ???? ????????????????????,??????,??????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????

    13. (?) ????? ??????????????,??????????????,??????????????????????????,?????????????,????????????,?????????,??????????????

    14. (?) ????? ??????????????? ???,??????????,?? ????????????,???? ??????????

    15. ??????????? ???????????????: 1.??????? 2.??????? 3.????????? ??????,??????????,?????????????????????????????????

    16. (?) ????? ?????????????????,????????????,??????????????????????,???????????????,???????????????????

    17. ???????????????? ????(??????),???? ????????????: (1) ????????????? ?,?????,????????? ????????? (2) ?????????,???? ?99.9%???

    18. (3)???????,?????? ?????????,??????? ?? (4)???????,?????? ???????????????,? ????? (5)????????????,? ?????????????

    19. (?) ????? ????????????,?????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????

    20. ????????? ??????,????(???) A ????? B ??????: aA + bB = dD + eE ?????????,a mol A?? ?b molB????,??d mol D?e mol E???,??? A ????? B ?????????:

    22. ???????,???????? ???m(B)?M (B) ,???????? ??c(A)???????? V(A) ,??:

    23. ??? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????

    24. ???????????? ???????????????? ????????????,????? ????????????

    25. (?)???? ??????????????? ????????????????? ???,????????????? ?,??????????? (1)????:???????? ?????????????? (2)????:???????? ??????????????

    26. (3)????:???????? ????????????????? ?? (4)????:???????? ????????????????

    27. (?)???? ???????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????,??????,??????

    28. ??????????????: (1)??????????????????; (2)?????????,?????????,?????????????????????

    29. ??????????????????????“????”???????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????,????????????

    30. ????????? (?)?????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ???,??????????????

    31. ???????????????? ???????: ???????:

    32. ???????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????,?????????????,??????????????

    33. ?P252 ?12-1? ?????????Na2CO3,???? ??1.6380g?0.1638g,?????? ??????1.6381g?0.1639g,?? ??????????????

    34. ?:??????? E1= 1.6380-1.6381= - 0.0001 (g) E2= 0.1638-0.1639= - 0.0001 (g) ???????

    35. (?)?????? ???????????????? ?????,???????????? ???????????????:?? ??,??????????,???? ???????

    36. ??????????????? ??????????????? ????:

    37. ??????:

    38. ???????????,? ??????????????? 0.2%

    39. (?)?????????? ???????????????? ?,???????????????? ?????????,???????? ?????????????????? ???????,?????????? ?????????????????? ??,?????????????

    41. ??????????????? ?,???????????????, ???????????????,?? ???????????,?????? ????????????,????? ????,?????????????

    42. ?? ???????????? (?)?????? 1. ??????? ???????????????? ???,????????????? ????????????????? ?????,??????,???? ??????;?????????? ????????,??????,? ??????????

    43. ??,?????????,??? ?????????????????? ??????,?????????,? ?????????????????? ??,??????,???????? ??? ??????,????????? ???,?????????????? ???????

    44. 2. ????: ??????????????, ?????(???????????? ????)????,???????? ???????

    45. 3. ????: ???????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????? ?,?????????????,??? ?????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????,??????????? ???

    46. 4. ????: ?????????,?????? ???????????????,?? ????,????????????? ???????????,?????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????

    47. (?)?????? ????????,??????? ???,?????????????? ???????,????????3?5 ?,???????,???????? ????,???????????

    48. ???????????? (?)??????? ????????????????? ??????,??????????? ?,???±1 ?????,?????? ?????????????????? ?????????,???????? ??????? ????????????????? ????????????,?????? ???????

    49. 1. ????: ?????????±0.0001g ??: ???:16.0023g ???: 2.8753g ???: 0.2491g

    50. 2.????????????: ?????±0.01mL ???????:20.45mL 3. ???: ?????±0.1mL ???????:250.0mL

    51. ???????????,??“0” ???????,????????? ????????????“0”???? ??,??????;??????? ???“0”??????

    52. 0.235:?????? (“0”????,??????) 90.8:?????? (?????“0”?????) 100.0:?????? (???“0”??????) 0.0470:?????? (????“0”????,??? ?“0”?????)

    53. ??:??????,??????????,?????????: (1)?????3600?????,????????,??????????????????

    54. (2)????????????? ?,?5×6 ?1/4? ?,???? ???????????,???? ???????????

    55. (3)????????? pH?pK ?lgK ????,????????????? ????????????,????? ???,??????????,??? ???? ?:pH=10.30,?????2???? 4????pH??????????? ?,????????????,?pH? ?????????????

    56. (?)????????? 1?????????? ??????????,???? ????????,???????? ??,???????? “????? ??” ????

    57. ????:??????????? 4 ?,???;????? 6 ?,?? ?;?? 5 ??????????? “0” ?,?????????,??? ????;?? 5 ?????? “0” ? ???,????? 5 ?,?????

    58. ?:?????????????? 0.51164 0.5116 0.252568 0.2526 10.2150 10.22 150.450 150.4 10.0852 10.09 ??????,?????????? ????????,????????? ?: 2.7495 2.7 2.7495 2.75 2.8

    59. 2????? ?????,?????????? ????????????????? (???????)?????,???, ??????: 14.230+8.145-3.6750+120.40+0.0001=? ?120.40???,????????? ?,???,???? 14.230+8.145-3.6750+120.40+0.0001 =139.1001=139.10

    60.

    61. ??? ????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????????

    62. ??????? (?) ?????????? ??????????????? pH ???????????????? ???????????

    63. ??????????????? ??,?????????????? ??????,?????????, ??????????????pH?? ??,???????,?????? ???,????????????

    64. ??,??????????,?????????????????:

    65. ??????????????? ??,???????? ?:??? ??:?? ??:?? ??????????????? ?????,???????,??? ?????? ?:?? ??:?? ??:??

    66. ?????????HIn??,???????In-??,????????:

    67. ????????,?:

    68. (?)?????????????? ?

    69. ? [In-]=[HIn]?,??? pH= pKHIn , ????????????,???? ?,???????????????? ????????????????? ?? ?:???????pH=pKHIn=3.7,?? ??????pH=2.7-4.7??????? ?????pH =3.1-4.4? P257:?12-1 ???????

    70. ????????????? ??????:?????????? ??????????????,?? ??????pH?????,???? ?????????????

    71. (?) ???????? 1.???? ?0. 1000 mol·L-1NaOH??0. 1000 mol·L-1 HCl 20.00mL??: (1) ???:?????,??? H3O+ ? ??? HCl ???????? [H3O+] = 0.1000 mol·L-1 pH = 1.00

    72. (2) ???????????:HCl??,?? H3O+??????? HCl ????

    73. (3) ??????:?? 20.00 mL NaOH ???,NaOH ? HCl ??????,? ????NaCl??,????

    74. ????:NaOH ??,??? OH- ???????? NaOH ????

    76. ? NaOH ???????,??????? pH ??????,?????? ????????P259 ?12 - 2???

    78. ?? 12 - 2 ?? 12 - 2 ???: (1)??????,???????H3O+,???NaOH????pH????,??????????????,???pH?????????????????????19.98 mL NaOH ??,???pH ??????,?????3.30?

    79. (2)??????,??? NaOH???19.98 mL ? 20.02 mL ,???0.04 mL ,?????,??? pH ??4.30???9.70,???5.40?pH???????????,?? pH ??????,??????,?????????? pH ??,????????,???????????????????????:0.1000 mol? L-1 NaOH ???? 0.1000 mol?L-1 HCl ???????? 4.30 ~ 9.70?

    80. (3)??,???? NaOH ??,?????????,??? pH ???????,???????? ??,??? 0.1000 mol?L -1 HCl ???? 0.1000 mol?L -1 NaOH ?? 20.00 mL ?,???????????????????????????????,??????9.70 ~ 4.30? ?? P259 ? 12 - 3 ???

    82. 2???????: ??????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????? 4.30 ~ 9.7 0??????,????? ( 3.1 ~ 4.4 )???? ( 4.4 ~ 6.2 )??? (8.0 ~ 9.6 )?,????????????????

    83. ????????,???????????????????????,???????????,??????????????,???????,??????????,????????,?????????,?????????,???????????

    84. 3????????????? ?????????????????:  ??: 1.000 mol?L-1 NaOH ?? 1.000 mol?L-1 HCl ???? pH = 3.30~ 10.70 0.1000 mol?L-1 NaOH ?? 0.1000 mol?L-1HCl ???? pH = 4.30 ~ 9.70 0.01000 mol?L-1 NaOH ?? 0.01000 mol?L-1 HCl ???? pH = 5.30~ 8.70 ????????,?????? 0.1000 mol?L-1~ 0.5000 mol?L-1 ???

    85. (?)???????????? 1.???? ?0.1000 mol·L-1NaOH??0.1000 mol·L-1 HAc 20.00 mL??:

    86. ???: ??? ?H3O+ ???? HAc ???:

    87. (2) ?????????: ??? NaOH ? HAc ???? NaAc,? ??????? HAc ?????,???pH ? ??????:

    88. (3) ????: ?? NaOH 20.00 mL,HAc ?????? NaAc,??????? NaAc ????? ?,???? pH ???????:  

    89. (4)????: ???(NaOH+NaAc)????,??? pH ?????? NaOH ???:

    91. 2.?????????????

    92. 0.1000 mol·L-1NaOH??0.1000 mol·L-1 HAc 20.00 mL,?????7.80~9.70,? ??????????

    93. 3.????????????

    94. ????????: 0.1000 mol·L-1HCl??20.00 mL0.1000 mol·L-1 NH3 · H2O??,?????? P262:?12-7???????????? ????????????????,? ???,????,????????: 6.30~4.30,???:pH=5.28,??,?? ?????????

    96. (?)?????????? ???????: ?:0.1000 mol·L-1HCl??0.05000 mol·L-1 Na2CO3 20.00 mL

    97. ????????????,??? ?????????????: 1. ??????Kb · c = 10-8,???? ??? 2. ???????Kb????????? 104,???????????

    99. HCl??Na2CO3,????????? ?,??????? ?????????NaHCO3,???pH ??:

    100. ?????????H2CO3,??? ???????????CO2????, ????????????0.040 mol·L-1, ?????pH??:

    101. ?????????????? ????CO2????????,??? ?????,???????,??, ????????,???????, ????????CO2??,????? ??????

    102. ???????: ?0.1000 mol·L-1NaOH??0.1000 mol·L-1 H3PO4 20.00 mL

    103. ????????????,??? ?????????????: 1.??????Ka · c = 10-8,??????? 2.???????Ka?????????104,???????????

    105. NaOH??H3PO4 ,??????? ???,??????? ?????????Na H2PO4 ,?? ?pH????:

    107. ??????????????? (?)?????????? ??????,??????????? ??,????????,????????? ???????????????,????? ???????????(??? 0.1mol?L-1 ) ???,???????????? ?? HCl ?????????,???? ????? (Na 2CO3)???(Na2B4O7?10H2O)?

    108. ? Na 2CO3 ?? HCl :

    109. P264:??12-2? ????? Na 2CO3 1.3350g,??? ??????? 250.0mL,???? ?????0.1 mol?L-1 HCl ??,? ????????? 25.00 mL ??? HCl ?? 24.50mL????,??? HCl ????????  

    110. ?:?????:

    111. ????? HCl :

    112. ???????????????? ???????,?????????, ??????,?????????,? ??????? CO2 ,???????? ???????(?? 0.1 mol · L-1 )?? ?,??????? ?? NaOH ??????????? ??? (H2C2O4?2H2O)???????? (KHC8H4O4)?

    113. ?????????? NaOH :

    114. ????? NaOH :

    115. (?)???? 1????????? ???????????????? ????????,??????? ? NaOH ??,??????:

    117. 2???????????????: ??????????????,? ?? NaHCO3 ????,? HCl ???? ??,????:

    118. ????????:

    119. 3??????(????)?????: ???????????????, ????????,?? NaOH ???? ????,??????:

    120. ??????,? NaOH ???? ????,????????????, ?? 30 ?????????????? ????? NaOH ????????? ?????,??????????? ?? ???????????? ? (-OCOCH3),?????,???? ?????????????????? ??,????????????,?? ???????10????

    121. ??12-4?: P266 ?? 0.4122g ????? ( C9H8O4 )? ?,? 20ml ?????,? 2 ??? ???,????10?????,? 0.1032mol?L-1 NaOH ??????? ?,???????21.08 ml NaOH ? ?,??????????????? ??

    122. ?:????????????:

    123. 4??????? P275:11 ??????Na2CO3,NaHCO3??? ??????,?????0.6839g?? ?,?0.2000mol·L-1HCl??????? ?????,???HCl??23.10ml? ?????????,???HCl??? ???????????,???HCl? ?26.81ml????????????? ?????

    124. ?:????,?????NaHCO3 V1= 23.10mL ?????,?????H2CO3 V2= 26.81mL Na2CO3 + HCl = NaCl + NaHCO3 NaHCO3 + HCl = NaCl + H2CO3 ???Na2CO3??HCl???:V1

    125. ???NaHCO3??HCl???:V2-V1

    126. ???? 1.?????????? 2.??????;?????????? 3.??????????????? 4.????????pH???;???? ???????;????????? ?????????? 5.???????;????????

    127. ? ? P275 1?5?9?10?11

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