Basics

1. Have a proper heading: Your name, AP English 12-hour, teacher’s name, due date. THIS IS NOT A HEADER. Upper left corner of paper. This shows up ONLY on page 1. • Have a header in the UPPER RIGHT HAND corner of page (last name and page number) Don’t know how to do this? Ask! YOU WILL NEED TO INSERT A HEADER. IT WILL SHOW UP ON EVERY PAGE. • 12 point font, double-spaced, 1” margins, readable font (Times New Roman or Calibri are standard) • Title should be simple and point to thesis directly or indirectly • Your paper will have several paragraphs and should be about 3-4 pages long. • Include author and title in the introduction; poetry titles go in “quotation marks.” • Final paper is due Monday, January 27 at the BEGINNING of the hour! • This is a MAJOR SUMMATIVE! Late papers will have a penalty. You will fail this class without this paper! Basics

2. A relevant title • Fantastic Introduction • Thesis is the LAST sentence of your introduction • Body of paper should have topic sentences that include language from your thesis. It should be organized in the same ORDER as your thesis. • Body of paper should make use of transition words! • Body of paper should have MULTIPLE paragraphs. I don’t like SUPER long paragraphs. • Each paragraph should have either a concluding sentence to wrap up that section of the paper before moving on to next idea OR a sentence that leads into the next paragraph that ties these paragraphs together. • Conclusion should be thought-provoking and interesting. Parts of your Paper

3. In case you need extra help • UNC • Indiana University • Northwestern • Purdue ***If these links don’t work, just Google “writing a good thesis statement” and you will find these sites. ***You must be in View Show mode to get to the links Thesis Statement Websites

4. To Compare also as in the same way like likewise similarly comparable equally in addition To Contrast -although -but -even though -however -on the other hand -otherwise -yet -still -conversely -as opposed to -different from -whereas Transitions—make good use of these so it doesn’t sound choppy.

5. 1. It fits the size of the assignment. 2. It states a single main point or position related to the thesis. 3. It is specific. 4. It is an idea you can show, explain, or prove. 5. It is a forceful statement written with confidence. 6. It is NOT a summary of the short story. It broadcasts something you will prove with evidence. It is a mini CLAIM! Every big idea should be shown through a topic sentence. Every paragraph should have either a topic sentence or a transition that connects to the paragraph before. Basics of a Topic Sentence:

6. Upon hearing the news of her husband’s death, Louise puts on the airs of a dutiful wife which at first makes her look like a woman who is truly devastated at the loss of her husband. • However, this dutiful wife begins to have stirrings about what life will be like as a free woman showing her deep-rooted desire to be her own person. • The struggle between what she was and what she could be is seen when she questions her feelings for her husband, but then quickly embraces her new found freedom, allowing her voice to be heard for the first time. She finally gets a handle of what she wants for life. • Though Louise joyfully embraces her new life, the story ends with a twist that symbolizes her unwillingness to be trapped in a marriage that is suffocating her. These would be revised to fit my thesis statement. Notice none are a summary. Examples topic sentences “A Story of an Hour”

7. Make sure to see the section on integrating quotes and evidence. It will help vary up your sentences and ideas. ICE

8. Introduce the evidence smoothly “According to the author, the night…” • In poetry, name the line numbers and/or stanzas • No matter what, don’t orphan evidence, a direct quote or paraphrase. You must some how set it up. I strongly encourage you to read the slides on Incorporating Quotes. • This will not be a part of your claim. This will be part of our evidence that comes AFTER the claim. (I)ntroduce

9. Give line numbers either when you introduce evidence OR at end of sentence. • Line number in the parenthesis ( ). • Notice the PERIOD on the OUTSIDE of the ( ). • “quotation marks” go around words NOT ( ). (C)ite

10. Explanation = how this piece of evidence helps prove your thesis. This is the warrant in CEW. This is the so what? This is the heart of the analysis. Here you should use key words from the prompt that tie back to technique. SO WHAT!!!!!!!! Explain

11. Incorporating Quotes

12. Punctuation Is Important To avoid confusing your readers, punctuate quotations correctly, and work them smoothly into your writing. • Punctuation shows your readers: • which words are yours • which words you have quoted

13. Quoting a Sentence or Sentences: Punctuating Brief Quotations Gene begins to reveal his internal war with Finny when he says,“What was I doing up here anyway? Why did I let Finny talk me into stupid things like this?” (5). Notice how my words (Gene begins to reveal his internal war with Finny when he says) lead into the quote I have chosen to use.

14. Quoting a Fragment: Punctuating Brief Quotations Jack is not able to kill the piglet during their first attempt at hunting for food “because of the enormity of the knife descending and cutting into the living flesh; because of the unbearable blood” (31). Again, notice how my words lead into the quote. The quotation is PART of a grammatically correct sentence.

15. Quoting A Quotation Ron said,“Dad yelled,‘No way!’” Golding writes,“Jack seized the conch. ‘Ralph’s right of course. There isn’t a snake-thing. But if there was a snake we’d hunt it and kill it.’” (36). Just like Leper in A Separate Peace, my brother Shaun said,“‘You always were a savage underneath.’”

16. Quotations with Omissions (Using ellipses) According to Gene, the faculty at Devon treated the boys differently during the summer session because “we reminded them of what peace was like…of lives which were not bound up with destruction” (10). Use ellipses when words are omitted from the quotation. Don’t change the context of the quotation.

17. Quotations with Brief Insertions (Using brackets) It is evident that Finny believes in the war before his fall from the tree because he tells Gene, “I’m wearing this[his pink shirt]as an emblem. We haven’t got a flag, we can’t float Old Glory proudly out the window. So I’m going to wear this, as an emblem”(11). Use brackets when you are inserting your own words into a quote in order to make the meaning of the quote more clear and to make it grammatically correct.

18. Quoting Poetry: A Single Line Caesar is obviously crushed by Brutus’ disloyalty when he states:“Et tu, Brutè? Then fall Caesar”(III.i.78). Set off the quoted verse from your written prose by using a colon. For a single line of poetry, use quotation marks. Include the line number of the verse followed by a period. If from a play, include the Act, scene, and line number.

19. Quoting Poetry: Two or Three Lines We know the conspirators feel that they have acted in the best interest of Rome when Cinna cries, “Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead!/Run hence, proclaim, cry it about the streets”(III.i.78-79). Use quotation marks. Separate the lines of the quoted verse with a slash / and a space on each side. Include the line numbers of the verses followed by a period. If from a play, include Act, scene, and line number.

20. Quoting Poetry: More Than Three TYPED Lines Antony uses the rhetorical devices of repetition and irony in his speech to the plebeians: Come I to speak in Caesar’s funeral. He was my friend, faithful and just to me; But Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honorable man. He hath brought many captives home to Rome, Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill; Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?(86-92) Block indent 10 spaces (tab twice) and do not use quotation marks or slashes. Include the line numbers of the verses precededby a period.

21. When you are using brief quotations, you must integrate them-- How To Integrate Quotations work them smoothly into your sentences and show their relevance to your ideas.

22. Use TIE to smoothly integrate quotes into text: “T” tag “I”    introduce “E”   embed How To Integrate Quotations

23. “T” tag • "You brute.  You brute," Holden mutters as he leaves the compound where he and Ameera have spent many happy hours. • "Secretly, of course--I was all for the Burmese," Orwell confides. How To Integrate Quotations

24. “I”    introduce • As Holden leaves the compound where he and Ameera have spent many happy hours, he mutters, "You brute.  You brute." • Orwell confided he "was all for the Burmese."  How To Integrate Quotations

25. “E”   embed • Holden mutters, "You brute.  You brute," as he leaves the compound where he and Ameera have spent many happy hours. • Orwell was "all for the Burmese" and hated working as an agent of the British Empire in Burma. How To Integrate Quotations

26. Brinker becomes disillusioned with the war, and Ralph becomes disillusioned with the glory of being chief. “He found himself understanding the wearisomness of this life, where every path was an improvisation and a considerable part of one’s walking life was spent watching one’s feet” (76). Not Integrated: Avoid this!

27. In the same way that Brinker becomes disillusioned with the war, Ralph begins to feel a sense of disillusionment toward the glory of being chief. Golding’s narrator begins to allude to Ralph’s waning enjoyment of being the leader on the island when he states, “He found himself understanding the wearisomness of this life, where every path was an improvisation and a considerable part of one’s walking life was spent watching one’s feet” (76). Integrated: Do this!

28. Introduce quotations using varied wording. • According to Jane Doe, "..." • As Jane Doe goes on to explain, "..." • Characterized by John Doe, the society is "..." • As one critic points out, "..." • John Doe believes that "..." • Jane Doe claims that "..." • In the words of John Doe, "..." Possible verbs for use in the introduction of quotations: acknowledges, adds, admits, affirms, agrees, argues, asserts, believes, claims, comments, compares, confirms, contends, declares, demonstrates, denies, disputes, emphasizes, endorses, grants, illustrates, implies, insists, notes, observes, points out, reasons, refutes, rejects, reports, responds, states, suggests, thinks, underlines, writes Integrated

29. Methods For Inserting Brief Quotations Final Position For several reasons, “all of them, all except Phineas, constructed at infinite cost to themselves these Maginot Lines against an enemy they thought they saw across the frontier…” (123). Beginning Position “Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man’s heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy” (202), declares Golding’s narrator at the end of his novel.

30. Methods For Inserting Brief Quotations Middle Position In the same way William Golding’s novel has been considered a “body of work that speaks to the tragedy of the human condition,” John Knowles’ A Separate Peace can be considered a work of literature that shines a light into the dark recesses of the human heart.

31. “As flies to wanton boys, are we to the gods,” proclaims King Lear, “– They kill us for their sport" (King Lear IV.i.40-44). This proclamation by an old king who has just realized that everything he once held dear-- territory and power– has been stripped from him by his own flesh and blood– daughters Regan and Goneril– is said to have inspired the title of William Golding’s Nobel Prize winning novel, Lord of the Flies. Interrupted

32. Long quotations should be set off from the text. Usually "set off" text is preceded by a colon: George Orwell had a difficult time acting as a police officer in Lower Burma.As demonstrated in the following excerpt from “Shooting an Elephant,” he was frustrated by his conflicting need to maintain law and order while remaining faithful to the idea that the Burmese had the right to be free: All this was perplexing and upsetting.  For at that time I had already up my mind that imperialism was an evil thing and the sooner I chucked up my job and got out of it the Better.  Theoretically--and secretly, of course--I was all for the Burmese and all against their oppressors, the British. (Orwell) Long Quotations