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Plog

Plog. Psychocentric Mid Centric Allocentric. Psychocentric Mid Centric Allocentric. CharterMass Incipient MassunusualOffbeatEliteExperiential Organized Mass Tourism Individual Mass TourismExplorerDrifter

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Plog

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  1. Plog • Psychocentric • Mid Centric • Allocentric

  2. Psychocentric Mid Centric Allocentric • Charter\Mass Incipient Mass\unusual\Offbeat\Elite\Experiential • Organized Mass Tourism\ Individual Mass Tourism\Explorer\Drifter • Recreational\ Diversionary\ Experiential\ Experimental\ Existential • Safety • Belongingness • Self Esteem • Self Esteem • Self Actualization

  3. Psychocentric Mid Centric AllocentricEnvironments • Similar to Home Unique Place Attributes • Highly Modified Original Place Attributes • Imitation Authentic Attributes • Front Country Image Back Country Reality

  4. Psychocentric Mid Centric AllocentricImpacts

  5. Innovators Early adopters Early adopters Early majority Early majority Late majority Late majority Laggards Laggards • Technology Enthusiasts • Technology Enthusiasts • Visionaries • Visionaries • Pragmatists • Pragmatists • Conservatives • Conservatives • Skeptics • Skeptics

  6. It takes about the same time for a new technology or product to go from zero to 10% adoption (the innovation phase) as it does for it to go from 10% to 90% adoption (growth phase) and as it does from 90% to 100% (maturity phase)

  7. Tourism CycleButler Stagnation Decline or Rejuvenation Consolidation No. of Visitors Development Involvement Exploration TIME

  8. Exploration Stage • Small number of tourists - the aesthetics • Irregular visitation patterns - • Attracted by unique natural or cultural features

  9. Exploration Stage • No specific facilities - contact with local populations high • Basic impacts are low - low numbers but little control (spatial dispersion) • Link to Allocentrics

  10. 2 - Involvement Stage • The number of visitors increase - word of mouth, media awareness • The visitation assumes a more regular pattern - greater numbers linked to time packages and patterns of access (airlines)

  11. 2 - Involvement Stage • Individual contact remains high and increases as local populations respond to greater numbers and open facilities

  12. 2 - Involvement Stage • The basic market area can be defined (populations that are interested) • Initial advertising campaigns start • Basic tourist season commences - local life begins to adjust to the cycle

  13. 2 - Involvement Stage • The impacts are low but increasing • Government starts to exert more influence -taxes, regulations • Attraction to Near-Allocentrics and the more daring of the Mid Centrics

  14. 3 - Development Stage • Very well defined tourist ‘area’ • shaped partially by heavy advertising • Local Control begins to decline rapidly • Local services are replaced by well organized, more elaborate external services -

  15. 3 - Development Stage • Natural or cultural attractions will be marketed explicitly • supplemented by man-made attractions To the extent of creating shipwrecks close to accommodation - harbours

  16. 3 - Development Stage • Regional or National government control may start - unified policies, tax structures • Number of visitors may exceed the local population • Imported labour (hotels) obvious • Tourism support industry is obvious

  17. 3 - Development Stage • The presence of Mid Centrics • Organized mass tourists • High return in the system though the Allocentrics are gone

  18. 4 - Consolidation Stage • Rate of growth in tourists declines But

  19. 4 - Consolidation Stage • The number of tourists exceed the total population • The economic base shifts to primarily tourism - dependence increases • Broadening of market • 1. Spatially - search for greater numbers • 2. Temporally - extension of ‘season’

  20. Santorini • Population of main town – Fira – 2500 • Population of island winter 6500 • summer 11000 • Cruise ship – Millenium – 1950 passengers • Peak times 3 – 4 ships same time • 1,600 to 7,800 in Fira

  21. Santorini • The capacity to accommodate tourists has been reached or exceeded in many parts of the island, with the result that villages and sites are being or have been destroyed. As a matter of urgency steps should be taken to limit the total numbers of tourists, and to divert the bulk of them away from sensitive areas.

  22. 4 - Consolidation Stage • The facilities infrastructure takes on a franchise appearance • Possible negative reactions from local population - their action space is restricted

  23. 4 - Consolidation Stage • Development of well-defined recreation business districts (non-local - prices) • A quality hierarchy develops - ‘better’ and ‘worse’ attractions

  24. 5- Stagnation Stage • Peak number of visitors is reached - flat or negative growth rates • Carrying capacities for many variables are reached or exceeded - pressure on facilities felt by tourists and locals (wait times) • Well established image of ‘place’ - may work against development - ‘out of fashion’

  25. 5- Stagnation Stage • Increasing reliance on repeat business • swing to heavy traffic generators

  26. 5- Stagnation Stage • The resort image is divorced from it’s original geographic environment (anyplace) • New developments tend to be peripheral to the tourist industry (no growth) • facilities change ownership frequently

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