S. Kunikane, K. Toshiki, K. Suenaga, Md. R. K. Razu and K. Kawahara

1. Water Safety Conference 2010 S. Kunikane, K. Toshiki, K. Suenaga, Md. R. K. Razu and K. Kawahara Dissemination of an Integrated Approach to Arsenic Mitigation in Bangladesh

2. Scope of this study • Objective • To consider a better way of assistance in water supply development • Method • Review of an experience on an integrated approach to arsenic mitigation, and its follow-up and dissemination in Bangladesh through literature review, interviews and field surveys Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

3. Profile of Bangladesh Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

4. Groundwater arsenic contamination in Bangladesh • Nationwide contamination • Arsenic from natural sources • Estimated arsenicosis cases of approximately 38,000 Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

5. Arsenicosis patients in Bangladesh • Symptoms such as melanosis, keratosis, skin lesion, Bowen’s disease and cancer • Health impact accelerated with poverty and malnutrition Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

6. JICA/AAN Projects Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

7. Integrated approach in the JICA/AAN Projects Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

8. Framework of maintenance and monitoring of community based water sources DPHE Mechanics/ Health workers Union AMC • Activate inactive User Committee • Advice to solve social problems • Request DPHE Mechanics and Health workers to provide User Committee with technical support • Arsenic test with field kit • Technical support User Committee Local mechanics • Daily and routine maintenance • Petty repair • Water quality monitoring • Monthly report to unions on safe water option status (i.e. monthly fee collection, accounts, meetings, water quality, water level, and sanitary inspection) ▪Repair of water devices Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

9. The types of safe water supply facilities installed in the JICA/AAN Projects • Deep Tube Well (DTW) • Pond Sand Filter (PSF) • Dug Well Sand Filter (DWSF) • Arsenic Iron Removal Plant (AIRP) • Piped Water Supply System (PWSS) Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

10. The result of arsenicosis patient identification in Chowgacha and Sharsha Upazilas (unit: cases) Note) Figures as of 30th September 2008 Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

11. The condition of patient’s health at the end of the SAM-ILGS Project Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

12. Follow-up and dissemination program* *From January 2009 to March 2011 under the funding of JICA Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

13. Progress of follow-up program 72 User Committees: Chowgacha SAM-ILGS Project Follow-up Follow-up & Dissemination Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

14. Progress of follow-up program 9 Unions: Chowgacha SAM-ILGS Project Follow-up Follow-up & Dissemination Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

15. General procedure of dissemination program 1) Communication with Upazila administration 2) Meeting with Union Chairmen 3) Organization of an Upazila orientation program 4) Organization of a Union orientation program 5) Purchase of one arsenic field test kit for each Union by Upazila’s own budget 6) Exchange-visit program (3 times) 7) Capacity building, awareness raising, doctors/health assistants training, technical training of DPHE staffs, and arsenic test training at Union level 8) Development of a safe water supply facility (if any budget is available) Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

16. Unit cost of dissemination program (Per one Upazila) Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

17. Safe water supply facility installation in dissemination program • An example in Hayetpur Village, Patibila Union • Completed in October 2009 • Initiative of community residents • Construction cost TK 75,000 funded by LGSP budget* • Two more facilities are under planning at present • *) LGSP stands for Local Government Support Program which is financially supported by World Bank. Total LGSP budget allocated to Patibila Union in 2008-2009 wasTK 500,000. Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

18. Key steps for new safe water supply facility installation in Patibila Union 1) Villagers’ request for installing a safe water supply facility 2) Decision of Union Parishad (council) to provide budget 3) The organization of Para (local community) 4) DPHE’s suitability test and certification on installing an AIRP 5) Cost estimation and facility design by DPHE 6) Construction budget allocation by Union Parishad 7) Purchase of construction materials with DPHE’s technical support 8) Facility construction 9) Water quality test by Union Parishad followed by UP’s permission to use the facility Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

19. Conclusions • Importance of continued support for ensuring drinking water safety • Installation of a safe drinking water supply facility with local initiatives under the support of a dissemination program as a new possibility of assistance in Bangladesh Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

20. Acknowledgement The authors express their gratitude to -DPHE, -LGD and the local government of Jossore District, -residents in the target areas of the AM and SAM-ILGS Projects, -JICA, -all the staffs of the JICA/AAN projects, -all the staffs of LGD-JICA Follow-up and Dissemination Program of SAM-ILGS Project, and -all other people concerned. Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia

21. Thank you for your attention! Water Safety Conference November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia