Biology 2.23.09

2. Do Now What is a biome again? Make a list (phrases are fine) of why biomes exist where they do. Raise your hand to get a stamp.

3. What is Ecology? = the study of the interactions of organisms & their environment Before I give you my def. of ecology. I�ll give you a minute to define what you think it means. Spend a moment thinking and jotting down a def. What are the 2 main components of the environment?Before I give you my def. of ecology. I�ll give you a minute to define what you think it means. Spend a moment thinking and jotting down a def. What are the 2 main components of the environment?

4. �The environment�- 2 components: Abiotic � non-living (temperature, precipitation, soil type, elevation, etc. ) Biotic � all living organisms

5. Biome Major types of ecosystems on earth, occupying large geographic regions Biomes are the major�. Ask what are some factors that effect what biome is in what region? Weather-latitude, longitude, microclimate, rainfall, disturbance etc.Biomes are the major�. Ask what are some factors that effect what biome is in what region? Weather-latitude, longitude, microclimate, rainfall, disturbance etc.

6. Biosphere Those regions of the earth�s waters, crust and atmosphere in which organism can exist. The global ecosystem Biosphere define� UN World Heritage reserves� HI, Adiron., TN, Olympic Peninsula!Biosphere define� UN World Heritage reserves� HI, Adiron., TN, Olympic Peninsula!

7. Is Life uniformly distributed? From what we�ve said so far. .. and in your experience in the world�.From what we�ve said so far. .. and in your experience in the world�.

8. Why isn�t all life everywhere? Limiting factors, �.. soil N, rainfall, fire, etc. Limiting factors, �.. soil N, rainfall, fire, etc.

9. Factors affecting distribution of organisms (biogeography) Dispersal limitations Not all areas are accessible � geographic isolation Behavior and habitat selection (animals) Biotic factors Abiotic factors Click through Dispersal limitations� Ex. spiders on islands. Beetle in FL. Carries feces on back to keep from drying out and deter predators� Some herbivores live on just 1 plant. Biotic- must interact with a spp., Some insects pollinate just one flower! lose that and they�re toast. Snowy owls eat mostly lemmings and when there�s not enough lemmings, they disperse. 4. Weather, wind, rocks. Click through Dispersal limitations� Ex. spiders on islands. Beetle in FL. Carries feces on back to keep from drying out and deter predators� Some herbivores live on just 1 plant. Biotic- must interact with a spp., Some insects pollinate just one flower! lose that and they�re toast. Snowy owls eat mostly lemmings and when there�s not enough lemmings, they disperse. 4. Weather, wind, rocks.

10. 3. Biotic Factors Interactions between species Disease Herbivory predation Competition Ask for examples�.. Mutualism Ask for examples�.. Mutualism

11. 4. Abiotic Factors Temperature, water availability, sunlight, wind, soil types, food availability Vary from place to place & season to season. Each organism has an optimum environment needed for maximum growth. Abiotic factors�.Abiotic factors�.

12. Temperature & annual precipitation (climate) are the most important factors determining the distribution of organisms on a global scale (biomes) We are likely to see a shift in distributions in our lifetime�. We are likely to see a shift in distributions in our lifetime�.

13. Each biome is a combo of T and precipitation. Not many people in the general population understand that the places that we call home are manifestations of millions of years of a climate, so if things heat up, it may drive many of these towards deserts.Each biome is a combo of T and precipitation. Not many people in the general population understand that the places that we call home are manifestations of millions of years of a climate, so if things heat up, it may drive many of these towards deserts.

14. Effects of climate on biogeography Climate varies with latitude because of differences in the angle of sunlight Solar radiation creates wind currents, ocean currents, and precipitation (from evaporation)

15. SAD disorder. Drives wind and ocean patterns. LOOK-UPSAD disorder. Drives wind and ocean patterns. LOOK-UP

16. 30 degrees No. and So., 60 degrees etc. have similar weather patterns. LOOK-UP 30 degrees No. and So., 60 degrees etc. have similar weather patterns. LOOK-UP

17. We are living in a unique climate. We are wedged between the coastal mnt. range and the cascade mnt. range. Makes this climate particularly rainy. Winds blow in from the Pacific, rise as they hit cm and cool causing precipand bring rain with them. This happens again slightly inland. E. W. living in rain shadow. Compared to the east side of the state, the west is relatively dry. By the time the winds have reached the east, the clouds have passed over big mntns. and dumped their contents. Does this make sense? this is the reason why we had that 28 day stretch of rain in Jan. and why last week was so wet. We are living in a unique climate. We are wedged between the coastal mnt. range and the cascade mnt. range. Makes this climate particularly rainy. Winds blow in from the Pacific, rise as they hit cm and cool causing precipand bring rain with them. This happens again slightly inland. E. W. living in rain shadow. Compared to the east side of the state, the west is relatively dry. By the time the winds have reached the east, the clouds have passed over big mntns. and dumped their contents. Does this make sense? this is the reason why we had that 28 day stretch of rain in Jan. and why last week was so wet.

18. We�re now going ot go over the terrestrial Biomes. I don�t know where this is, but it looks like Hawaii. We�re now going ot go over the terrestrial Biomes. I don�t know where this is, but it looks like Hawaii.

20. Do Now 2/24: copy & complete At the equator, it is ________& ________. The biome you would expect to find here is __________. At 30�N & 30�S it is ________& _______. The biome you would expect to find here is ____________. At 60�N & 60�S it is ________& _______. The biome you would expect to find here is ____________.

21. 30 degrees No. and So., 60 degrees etc. have similar weather patterns. LOOK-UP 30 degrees No. and So., 60 degrees etc. have similar weather patterns. LOOK-UP

22. Locations of the earth�s biomes due to: Latitude � affects temp., precip. Altitude� How high is the ecosystem? Positions of the continents � more land in the northern hemisphere One biome type may occur in different areas of the world Different plant & animal species but same: structure � size; shape; types of organisms & their relation to each other & the physical environment

23. This is a map of the biomes. What patterns do you notice about the distribution of the biomes? Tropics around equator. Why? rain�. Dessert15-30. This is a map of the biomes. What patterns do you notice about the distribution of the biomes? Tropics around equator. Why? rain�. Dessert15-30.

24. 1. Tropical rainforest High average annual temp and precip Lush, dense vegetation Very diverse! Many spp. per sq. meter. Many spp. grow on top of each other. Some pl. don�t need soil, but grow on other trees- bromeliads and orchids. Many spp. per sq. meter. Many spp. grow on top of each other. Some pl. don�t need soil, but grow on other trees- bromeliads and orchids.

25. First we have the tropics. Most biodiverse region of the world. Fog a single tree with a toxic gas and come up with thousands of spp. Most threatened habitat. Occur in the economically less dev. parts of the world. =Difficult issue to preserve them and meet the needs of the people. First we have the tropics. Most biodiverse region of the world. Fog a single tree with a toxic gas and come up with thousands of spp. Most threatened habitat. Occur in the economically less dev. parts of the world. =Difficult issue to preserve them and meet the needs of the people.

26. 2. Savanna Grasslands with scattered trees Large herbivores & predators Rainy & dry season Fire adapted The second is Savanna with its scattered trees. Host.. large herbivores range over large areas. Enough to eat, but also looking for water. Long periods of drought. Lots of insects- termites and ants. Fire=important abiotic factorThe second is Savanna with its scattered trees. Host.. large herbivores range over large areas. Enough to eat, but also looking for water. Long periods of drought. Lots of insects- termites and ants. Fire=important abiotic factor

27. Africa and S.A. Australia Trees that have been clipped off as far as herb. mammals can reach. Africa and S.A. Australia Trees that have been clipped off as far as herb. mammals can reach.

28. 3. Desert < 30 cm of rain per year High temperatures Unique plants with adaptations to harsh environment Not enough plants to support large wildlife Desert Defined by� What would be some adaptations to living in desert environments? Plants-tough skin, photosyn. night, boom and bust Animals-extreme water conser., big ears to cool, active at night. Some deserts can be very cold. Desert Defined by� What would be some adaptations to living in desert environments? Plants-tough skin, photosyn. night, boom and bust Animals-extreme water conser., big ears to cool, active at night. Some deserts can be very cold.

29. Deserts occur on all continents ~30. Air from tropics has lost moisture is then moving north and descending. Cactus pleating- can soak up more moisture when it does rain. Deserts occur on all continents ~30. Air from tropics has lost moisture is then moving north and descending. Cactus pleating- can soak up more moisture when it does rain.

30. 4. Chapparal Evergreen shrubs Hot dry summers, mild wet winters Fire-dependent! � seeds germinated after fire, roots fire-resistant Chapparal fire dependent. So. Cal. confluence of some of the most expensive real estate in a fire dependent biome. Hence the fires that occur every summer. Chapparal fire dependent. So. Cal. confluence of some of the most expensive real estate in a fire dependent biome. Hence the fires that occur every summer.

32. 5. Temperate grassland No trees Typically 4 seasons Occasional fire Fertile soils Many large & small grazers Drought, fire, grazing. Deep, fertile soil===>used for agriculture. Drought, fire, grazing. Deep, fertile soil===>used for agriculture.

33. Hungary, Uraguay and Argentina, steppes of Russia. Plains and prairies of NAHungary, Uraguay and Argentina, steppes of Russia. Plains and prairies of NA

34. 6. Temperate deciduous forest Deciduous trees 4 seasons (cold winter � dormant) Open forests Large & small grazers click thr loss of leaves. click thr loss of leaves.

35. SMOKIES in the fall (TN/SC). Exentds up E. Coast- tp great lakes region. Very biodiverse herps. Wild turkies. Ex SMOKIES in the fall (TN/SC). Exentds up E. Coast- tp great lakes region. Very biodiverse herps. Wild turkies. Ex

36. 7. Coniferous Forest Evergreen trees Largest biome on earth 4 seasons, large amounts of snowfall Large and small grazers; carnivores Your biome!

38. 8. Tundra Permafrost � permanently frozen subsoil Very cold, high winds No trees or tall plants 20% of land area on earth Low annual precipitation

40. Very far North and So. but also at the tops of mntns. Any questions about biomes? If not we�re going to move on to Ecological Investigation�. Very far North and So. but also at the tops of mntns. Any questions about biomes? If not we�re going to move on to Ecological Investigation�.

41. Exit ticket Make a list of as many terrestrial biomes that you can think of without looking at your notes. Write 3 words next to each biome that help you to differentiate it. I will stamp this when you�re done!