ECONOMIC STATISTICS PROGRAMME IN INDIA by S.K.Nath, INDIA

1. ECONOMIC STATISTICS PROGRAMME IN INDIAbyS.K.Nath, INDIA

2. MAIN PROGRAMMES ON ECONOMIC STATISTICS • Annual Surveys of Industries (ASI) • Economic Census • Country-wide Large Scale Sample Surveys • Census of Registered Small Scale Industries

3. CHALLENGES • Under Economic Statistics there is no Statistical Act for data collection, except for ASI • There are more than 42 million establishments / enterprises in the country. This excludes activities relating to crop plantation and production • There are more than 211 million households • There are 17 National Languages • Data are collected through physical visits • Schedules require interview for 2 hours

4. Annual Survey of Industries(Manufacturing/Repair Sector)

5. General Information Data Collected under “Collection of Statistics Act, 1953 ASI extends to the entire country except three States and one Union Territory National Industrial Classification (based on ISIC ) is followed. ASICC (ASI Commodity Classification) is followed for input-output data collection List frame followed for ASI Micro data available on public domain

6. Objective • Estimation of the contribution of manufacturing industries as a whole and of different industry groups to national income • Systematic study of the structure of industry as a whole and of each type of industry • Analysis of various factors influencing industry in the country and • Providing a comprehensive, factual and systematic basis for formulation of policies.

7. Industries Covered • Factories and industrial units registered under Sections 2m (i) & (ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 employing 10 or more workers using power or employing 20 or more workers without power • Bidi and cigar manufacturing establishmentsregistered under the Bidi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966 and employing 10 or more workers using power or employing 20 or more workers • List frame is maintained and updated annually

8. Unit of Enumeration The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is: • a factory in the case of manufacturing industries • an establishment in the case of bidi and cigar industries • a workshop in the case of repair services and • an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas and water supply undertakings

9. Sampling Design • Frame of units for each Industry Group at 4 digit level of National Industrial Classification (NIC) is stratified by States at first stage and put in descending order of number of workers; • Units with 100 or more workers are separated as census sector units; • All units are selected if number of units within each group is less than six; • If stratum size is =<6, then complete enumeration is done • If stratum size > 6, 20% sample is selected subject to a minimum of 6, with half in each of the 2 sub-samples;

10. Data Collection Strategy • List frame • As per law, Annual General Meeting of a company should be held by September • Data collected from such “Administrative documents” by regular enumerators located though out the country • Joint return is received from some enterprises • Management units are contacted when local units do not have balance sheets

11. INFORMATION COLLECTED • Type of Organisation /Ownership • Assets and Liabilities • Employment and Labour Cost • Receipts • Expenses • Input items (Indigenous) • Input Items ( Imported) • Products and by-products • Distributive Expenses • Electricity generated / purchased /consumed / sold • Exports (*) • Pollution Control – Degree / P & M for abatement (*)

12. ECONOMIC CENSUS Of INDIA

13. Challenges for Data Collection • Indian economic census is the largest enumeration exercise in terms of • Technological intricacies • Volume of work • Involvement of huge manpower • Imparting training to large number of field personnel • Monitoring and coordination of pre-census, census period and post census operations

14. Scope and coverage • Al the States/UTs • All economic activities except those involved in crop production and plantation • New features of last Economic Census-2005 • Canvassing of a separate “Address Slip” • Use of Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR) technology for scanning and data processing

15. Schedules • (i) House List, • (ii) Enterprise/Establishment Schedule • (iii) Abstracts- for Rural and Urban • (iv)Address Slip

16. SCHEDULES OF ECONOMIC CENSUS-2005

17. HOUSE LIST • House List : To list all the households and identify the enterprises in these households or any member has enterprise outside the household without fixed location. • Enterprise Schedule : Detailed information on various characteristics relating to the enterprises viz. number of workers, social group of owner, registration code etc., for all the enterprises listed in the HL form is to be collected here. NOTE: House listing and filling up Enterprise schedule done simultaneously.

18. House List

19. RURAL - ID

20. URBAN ID

21. Data Collection Strategy: RURAL • In Rural areas, all the census villages within the geographical boundary of the country will be covered • One enumerator is allotted the work of 1 to 3 Enumeration Blocks consisting of about 200-230 households. In hilly/terrain areas EB consists of 120 to 150 households

22. Data Collection Strategy: URBAN • In Urban areas, all the cities/towns within the geographical boundary of the country will be covered with the help of Urban Frame Survey (UFS) Blocks prepared by NSSO of the Ministry of Statistics & PI. • For identification of UFS blocks, the following materials was made available to all enumerators: • maps for each Investigator unit (IV unit) • boundary details of each block within an investigator unit

23. Establishment/Enterprise Schedule

24. Information Collected • Location- fixed / mobile –within hh or outside • Number of workers ( hired / non-hired) according to sex • Economic Activities confirming to ISIC-4 digit • Social group of owner, • Registration code • Major activity and Subsidiary activity • Ownership of enterprise • Sources of outstanding loans

26. ABSTRACT FOR QUICK DATA RELEASE Abstract : To be filled for each enumeration unit by the enumerator by transferring entries from ‘Total’ row of the ABSTRACT form.

28. POST ENUMERATION CHECKS • In order to assess the quality of data collected, post enumeration checks was conducted by in all the States/UTs after completion of the fieldwork of the Economic Census,2005 • Two villages and two urban blocks were selected at random from each of about 600 districts throughout the country • PEC was done by trained investigators of the Ministry of Statistics & PI (NSSO) who was not involved in the fieldwork of the census

29. DATA PROCESSING • Intelligence Character Recognition (ICR) technology or Automated Forms Processing is used for processing the data • The technology enables the user to process documents from their images of the filled-in schedules and convert them into database • This permits permanent storage of copy of the original schedules in electronic form.

30. LAN SETUP - DATA CENTREs Controllerstation Scanning station Export station Supervisor Export completed batches as ASCII file for further processing Supervisor Monitor the workflow & Balance the load at different stages of operation Forms are fed thru SCANNER(S) batch by batch Supervisors Handle Exceptional cases referred by Operators Form IMAGES stored in Network DISK Recognition stations Server Exception stations Tile/Correction station - Un-recognised Characters are corrected by OPERATORS Field by field character images are automaticallyRECOGNISED Tiling & Completion stations

31. TILING STATION

32. TILING STATION

33. COMPLETION STATION [Field mode ] Form Image Enterprise Abstract Enterprise Schedule Houselist Extracted data

34. LARGE SCALE SAMPLE SURVEYS

35. Basic Information • Large scale Socio-economic sample surveys are conducted by National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) on regular basis. Have 5000 regular staff • Topic of Surveys: Consumer Expenditure/ Labour Force – on regular basis, other subjects are taken up according to 5/10 year cycle or on priority basis • Coverage: Entire country • Survey round: One year for Economic Surveys: Jul-Jun • Frame: Area Frame based on Economic Census used for Enterprise Surveys

36. Sampling DesignData Collection Strategy • Two Stage Stratified Sampling • FSU’s are Villages / Urban blocks • Listing of HHS or Establishments done for each selected FSUs and further stratified according to sampling strategy varies from survey to survey • SSUs ( HHs / Establishments) are chosen based on Circular Systematic Sampling. • Each investigator visits the selected SSUs and fills up paper schedule running into 8-10 pages • Depending on surveys, multiple activity-wise data are collected

37. INFORMATION COLLECTED • Type of Organisation /Ownership • Assets and Liabilities • Employment and Labour Cost • Receipts • Expenses • Input items • Products and by-products • Distributive Expenses

38. Recent Surveys taken up • R63- Jul 06-Jun 07: Service Sector (excl-Trade) • R62- Jul05-Jun 06: Unorganised Manufacturing • R57-Jul 01-Jun 02: Unorganised Services (excl- Trade & Finance) • R56-Jul 00-Jun01: Unorganised Manufacturing • R55-Jul 99-Jun 00: Informal Sector Enterprise (excluding Agriculture) • X Aug98-Jun 99: Special Enterprise Survey • R53-Jul 97-Dec 96 : Trading (NDTE, OATE) • R51-Jul 94-Jun95 : Unorganised Manufacturing

39. INDIAN CENSUS OF REGISTERED SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES

40. Definition of SSI Sector Consists of SSI and SSSBE • SSI – Small Scale Industrial undertakings having investment in fixed Assets in Plant and Machinery, whether held on ownership terms or on lease or by hire-purchase does not exceed Rs. 10 million ( ~ $ 2,487,562) • SSSBE – Small Scale Service and Business (industry related) with investment in fixed assets, excluding land and building, upto Rs. 1 million. • Registration: Not Compulsory

41. Survey Design • Coverage: Entire Country • Census of all registered units ( about 2.3 million) • Sample Survey of 19278 villages / urban blocks to net unregistered sector • Design: Two stage Sampling based on EC frame, FSUs having more than 200 units chosen with prob=1 and rest based on PPS. • At SSU – 20 units for FSU selected with prob=1 and 10 units from rest FSUs. • Method: Mostly Interview

42. INFORMATION COLLECTED • Type of Organisation /Ownership • Management by sex • Assets and Net-worth • Plant Machinery-original value • Employment • Gross output • Description of Products and by-products • Exports • Seasonality in operation • Use of computer • Reasons for sickness, if any

43. THANKS