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Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement. Writers Inc. (503-506;528). What is a pronoun?. A pronoun is a substitute for a noun. It refers to a person, place, thing, feeling, or quality but does not refer to it by its name. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yg9MKQ1OYCg. Types of Pronouns. SIMPLE: I

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Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

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  1. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement Writers Inc. (503-506;528)

  2. What is a pronoun? • A pronoun is a substitute for a noun. It refers to a person, place, thing, feeling, or quality but does not refer to it by its name. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yg9MKQ1OYCg

  3. Types of Pronouns SIMPLE: • I • you • he or she • it • we • They • Who • what COMPOUND: • myself • someone • anybody • everything • itself • Whatsoever PHRASAL: • One another • Each other

  4. Classes of Pronouns • Personal • Relative • Indefinite • Interrogative • Demonstrative

  5. Personal Pronoun: takes the place of a noun • Our coach made her point without raising her voice. • I like coffee. • John helped me. List of personal pronouns: • I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours, you, your, yours, they, them, their, theirs, he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its

  6. Types of Personal Pronouns: Reflexive and Intensive Reflexive pronoun: formed by adding –self or selves • Miss Sally Sunshine loves herself. Intensive pronoun: a reflexive pronoun that emphasizes or “intensifies” the noun or pronoun that it refers to. • Leo himself taught his children how to read. List of reflexive and intensive pronouns: • Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

  7. Relative Pronoun: relates an adjective clause to the noun or pronoun it modifies. • Students who study regularly get the best grades. (the relative pronoun who relates the adjective clause to students) • The dance, which we had looked forward to for weeks, was cancelled. (which relates the adjective clause to dance. List of relative pronouns: • What, who, whose, whom, which, that

  8. Indefinite Pronouns: refers to unnamed or unknown people. • All are welcome to attend the concert. • Mary gave the book to another. • I don't have any. • Does anybody have a clue? • Anyone can play that game. List of indefinite pronouns: • All, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, each one, either, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, most, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, some, somebody, someone, something, such

  9. Interrogative Pronouns: asks a question • What time is it? • Which person are you talking about? • Who are you? • Whose purse is this? • For whom will you vote? List of interrogative pronouns: • Who, whose, whom, which, what

  10. Demonstrative pronouns: points out people, places, or things without naming them. • This tastes delicious. • I don't like this. • That will run for an hour. • Jim wrote that. • These look good. List of demonstrative pronouns: • This, that, these, those • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6e1hZGDaqIw&feature=related

  11. What is an antecedent? • EVERY pronoun has an antecedent. An antecedent is the NOUN that the pronoun refers to or replaces.

  12. Pronoun Antecedent: Agree in number If the pronoun takes the place of a singular noun, you have to use a singular pronoun. • If a student parks a car on campus, he or she has to buy a parking sticker. • (NOT: If a student parks a car on campus, they have to buy a parking sticker.) Remember: the words each, either, neither, one, anyone, everyone, everybody, somebody, another, nobody, etc. are singular and take singular pronouns. • Everybody ought to do his or her best. (NOT: their best) • Neither of the girls brought her umbrella. (NOT: their umbrellas) Pronouns must also agree in GENDER!

  13. Cheat Sheet for Common Problems • Collective Antecedents: Just as collective nouns usually take singular verbs, they also usually take singular pronouns when they are used as antecedents: • The Baggins family was proud of its heritage.

  14. Cheat Sheet for Common Problems • Compound antecedents joined by and ordinarily require a plural pronoun: • Karl and Keith carried their skis to the lift • Compound antecedents joined by and preceded by Each or Every take singular pronouns. • Every dog and cat should have its own collar.

  15. Cheat Sheet for Common Problems Compound Antecedents with or, nor Singular antecedents joined with or or nor (either . . . or; neither . . . nor) take singular pronouns. • NeitherOsgoodnorMugwert could find his way out of a paper bag. • It is either the Frog or the Prince that appeals to Buttercup.   When plural antecedents are joined to singular antecedents, the antecedent nearest the pronoun determines its person, number, and gender. • Neither the scoutmasternor the boy scouts know they are walking into a surprise party. • Neither the scoutsnor the scoutmaster knows he is walking into a surprise party.

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