Tožba na zakonitost / člen 230 PES

1. Tožba na zakonitost / člen 230 PES • Npr. Komisija ES za neko slovensko podjetje izda odločbo, da je krši konkurenco (zlorablja dominantni položaj z angleško klavzulo). Podjetje se ne strinja… • Ali: RS se ne strinja z Uredbo Komisije (ES) št. 698/2006 z dne 5. maja 2006 o izvajanju Uredbe Sveta (ES) št. 530/1999 v zvezi z vrednotenjem kakovosti strukturne statistike stroškov dela in plač objavljeno pred tremi dnevi. Kaj storiti?

3. Člen 230 – Tožba na ničnost • Ratio! • Pravna narava te tožbe! • Akti, ki se lahko izpodbijajo! • Razlogi za izpodbijanje! • Onus probandi! • Izpodbojni akti! • Stranke postopka in vprašanje locus standi! • Kolizija primerov Plaumann (25/62), Jego-Quere (T-177/01), Union Pequenos Agricultores (C-50/00 P) • Individualno in neposredno zadevanje! • Rok za tožbo! • Učinki sodbe!

4. Vprašanje akta po 4. odst.: Confederation…17/62 THE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A DECISION ARISE FROM THE LIMITATION OF THE PERSONS TO WHOM IT IS ADDRESSED, WHEREAS A REGULATION, BEING ESSENTIALLY OF A LEGISLATIVE NATURE, IS APPLICABLE NOT TO A LIMITED NUMBER OF PERSONS, DEFINED OR IDENTIFIABLE, BUT TO CATEGORIES OF PERSONS VIEWED ABSTRACTLY AND IN THEIR ENTIRETY.

5. Vprašanje akta po 4. odst: Zuckerfabrik 6/68 A MEASURE DOES NOT LOSE ITS CHARACTER AS A REGULATION SIMPLY BECAUSE IT MAY BE POSSIBLE TO ASCERTAIN WITH A GREATER OR LESSER DEGREE OF ACCURACY THE NUMBER OR EVEN THE IDENTITY OF THE PERSONS TO WHICH IT APPLIES AT ANY GIVEN TIME AS LONG AS THERE IS NO DOUBT THAT THE MEASURE IS APPLICABLE AS THE RESULT OF AN OBJECTIVE SITUATION OF LAW OR OF FACT WHICH IT SPECIFIES AND WHICH IS IN HARMONY WITH ITS ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE

6. Vprašanje akta odst. 4: Bundle of individual decisionsje lahko disguised decision Fruit Company – 41-44/70 A PROVISION OF A REGULATION CONCERNING A GROUP OF REQUESTS FOR IMPORT LICENCES AFTER THE TIME-LIMIT FOR SUBMISSION OF REQUESTS HAS EXPIRED, SO THAT NO OTHER REQUESTS CAN BE MADE, IS NOT IN THE NATURE OF A REGULATION IN THE SENSE OF THE SECOND PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 189 OF THE EEC TREATY BUT MUST BE REGARDED AS A CONGLOMERATION OF INDIVIDUAL DECISIONS, EACH OF WHICH IS SUCH AS TO BE OF INDIVIDUAL CONCERN, WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE SECOND PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 173 OF THE TREATY, TO THE PERSON OR PERSONS MAKING EACH REQUEST.

7. Neposredno zadevanje • locus standi samo proti aktu, ki ima neposredne pravne učinke na tožnika • implementacija akta lahko to prepreči • če ima država “genuine discretion” pri prenosu akta, neposrednega zadevanja ni, če pa bo šlo le za “purely automatic” izvršitev, bo neposredno zadevanje podano

8. Individualno zadevanje - Plaumann 25/62 PERSONS OTHER THAN THOSE TO WHOM A DECISION IS ADDRESSED MAY ONLY CLAIM TO BE INDIVIDUALLY CONCERNED IF THAT DECISION AFFECTS THEM BY REASON OF CERTAIN ATTRIBUTES WHICH ARE PECULIAR TO THEM OR BY REASON OF CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH THEY ARE DIFFERENTIATED FROM ALL OTHER PERSONS AND BY VIRTUE OF THESE FACTORS DISTINGUISHES THEM INDIVIDUALLY JUST AS IN THE CASE OF THE PERSON ADDRESSED

9. Individualno zadevanje • Plaumanova formula kot splošno izhodišče … tožnik mora dokazati, da ga odločba zadeva tako, kot da bi bila naslovljena nanj • Če gre za odločbo je potrebno dokazati, da gre za “closed class” – skupino ljudi, ki jih zadeva v trenutku izdaje… ni pomembno, kako velika je ta skupina ljudi ali so imenovani ali ne… (npr. 106/63, Töpfer) • če pa gre za primer splošnega zakonodajnega akta “closed class” ni dovolj – tožnik mora dokazati, da ga ta zadeva – dejansko in pravno – tako, kot da bi bila odločba:

10. Dokazati mora: • da zadeva njegov specifični položaj ali • da bi morala institucija, ki je sprejela akt, upoštevati njegov položaj ali (3) da akt omenja njegovo ime (kljub temu, da ni naslovnik) Primera: 11/82, Piraiki Patraiki, podobno tudi C-309/89, Codorniou

11. Neuspelo širše razlaganje: Jego Quere; T-177/01: 50 In those circumstances, and having regard to the fact that the EC Treaty established a complete system of legal remedies and procedures designed to permit the Community judicature to review the legality of measures adopted by the institutions….., the strict interpretation, applied until now, of the notion of a person individually concerned according to the fourth paragraph of Article 230 EC, must be reconsidered.

12. 51 In the light of the foregoing, and in order to ensure effective judicial protection for individuals, a natural or legal person is to be regarded as individually concerned by a Community measure of general application that concerns him directly if the measure in question affects his legal position, in a manner which is both definite and immediate, by restricting his rights or by imposing obligations on him. The number and position of other persons who are likewise affected by the measure, or who may be so, are of no relevance in that regard.

13. 52 In the present case, obligations are indeed imposed on Jégo-Quéré by the contested provisions. The applicant, whose vessels are covered by the scope of the regulation, carries on fishing operations in one of the areas in which, by virtue of the contested provisions, such operations are subjected to detailed obligations governing the mesh size of the nets to be used. 53 It follows that the contested provisions are of individual concern to the applicant. ampak…

14. C-50/00 P, Union de Pequenos Agricultores 41 Thus it is for the Member States to establish a system of legal remedies and procedures which ensure respect for the right to effective judicial protection. 42 In that context, in accordance with the principle of sincere cooperation laid down in Article 5 of the Treaty, national courts are required, so far as possible, to interpret and apply national procedural rules governing the exercise of rights of action in a way that enables natural and legal persons to challenge before the courts the legality of any decision or other national measure relative to the application to them of a Community act of general application, by pleading the invalidity of such an act. … 45 While it is, admittedly, possible to envisage a system of judicial review of the legality of Community measures of general application different from that established by the founding Treaty and never amended as to its principles, it is for the Member States, if necessary, in accordance with Article 48 EU, to reform the system currently in force.

15. Vpliv ozke razlage na domače postopke: primer U-I-74/03 Ustavno sodišče se je odločilo pri razlagi določbe drugega odstavka 24. člena ZUstS dati nov pomen besedi "neposredno". Presojalo bo, ali izpodbijani zakonski določbi neposredno že posegata v pobudničin pravni položaj ali ne. S tem spreminja Ustavno sodišče dosedanje stališče, na podlagi katerega je široko priznavalo pravni interes za izpodbijanje zakonske določbe že na podlagi tega, da je pobudnik izkazal uvedbo postopka, v katerem naj bi bili izpodbijani zakonski določbi uporabljeni. V primerih, v katerih lahko pobudnik namen, ki ga zasleduje s pobudo, zavaruje v posamičnem postopku pred pristojnim sodiščem in nato z ustavno pritožbo pred Ustavnim sodiščem, ne izkazuje pravnega interesa za vložitev pobude.