The Human Resource Environment

2. 1 The Human Resource Environment Trends in Human Resource Management Providing Equal Employment Opportunity and a Safe Workplace Analyzing Work and Designing Jobs

3. Trends in Human Resource Management 2 C H E A P T R • Change in the Labor Force • High Performance Work Systems • Focus on Strategy • Technological Change in HRM

4. Ch. 2 Learning Objectives • Describe trends in the labor force composition and how they affect human resource management. • Summarize areas in which human resource management can support the goal of creating a high-performance work system. • Define employee empowerment and explain its role in the modern organization. • Identify ways HR professionals can support organizational strategies for quality, growth and efficiency.

5. Ch. 2 Learning Objectives • Summarize ways in which human resource management can support organizations expanding internationally. • Discuss how technological developments are affecting human resource management. • Explain how the nature of the employment relationship is changing. • Discuss how the need for flexibility affects human resource management.

6. Change in the Labor Force • Labor Force • What constitutes the labor force? • Internal labor force • The workers an organization already has • External labor market • Individuals actively seeking employment

7. Age Distribution of U.S. Labor Force, 2002 and 2012 Figure 2.1

8. Aging Workforce • What are the challenges organizations face with regard to the aging workforce?

9. Projected Racial/Ethnic Makeup of the U.S. Workforce 2012 Figure 2.2

10. HRM Practices that Support a Diverse Workforce Figure 2.3

11. Skill Deficiencies in Workforce • A = True, B = False • Use of computers to do routine tasks has changed the kinds of skills needed by employees. • A college degree is not as important as it once was. • U.S. production jobs require intelligence and skills as much as strength.

12. High Performance Work Systems • High-Performance Work Systems • Organizations that have the best possible fit between their social system and technical system. • What contributes to a high-performance work system?

13. Employees whose main contribution to the organization is specialized knowledge, such as knowledge of customers, a process, or a profession How does the increase in knowledge workers affect HRM practices? Knowledge Workers

14. Test Your Knowledge • Ensuring that knowledge workers will share information and store it so that it is easily retrieved by others is the concern of which of the following HR activities. • Turnover • Employee Empowerment • Knowledge Management • Employee Selection

15. Employee Empowerment & Teamwork • Employee Empowerment • Giving employees responsibility and authority to make decisions regarding all aspects of product development or customer service • Teamwork • The assignment of work to groups of employees with various skills who interact to assemble a product or provide a service

16. Test Your Knowledge • Sharon is a very smart and conscientious worker. Lately, she has felt that her ideas were disregarded and she was denied autonomy in completing her work. This situation is probably caused by a lack of • Employee Empowerment • Knowledge Management • Turnover • Teamwork

17. Focus on Strategy • How can human resource management support and contribute to organizational strategy?

18. Business Strategy: Issues Affecting HRM

19. Downsizing • Why do companies downsize? • If you were told you were being downsized, what would you want to know? • If you weren’t being downsized but others were, what would you want to know?

20. To meet competitive challenges, U.S. companies must expand globally: Develop global markets Hire from a international labor pool Prepare employees for global assignments Expatriates Would you consider being an expatriate? A=Yes, B= No Where Immigrants to the US Came from in 2003 - Insert Figure 2.6 Expanding into Global Markets

21. Technological Change in HRM • Human resource information system (HRIS) is a computer system used to acquire, store, manipulate, analyze, retrieve, and distribute information related to human resources.

22. New Technologies Influencing HRM Table 2.1

23. The Internet Economy • Companies use the Internet to gain an advantage or keep up with competitors • Electronic business (e-business) • Business-to-consumer • Business-to-business • Consumer-to-consumer • What are some examples?

24. Electronic HRM • e-HRM • The processing and transmission of digitized HR information, especially using computer networking and the Internet

25. Using e-HRM • How could e-HRM be used with regard to: • benefits? • selection? • succession planning? • development?

26. Implications of e-HRM Table 2.2

27. Change in Employment Relationship • The Psychological Contract • A description of what an employee expects to contribute in an employment relationship and what the employer will provide the employee in exchange for those contributions • What was the psychological contract in the 60’s and 70’s? • What is the psychological contract now? • What factors affect the psychological contract?

28. Video – Hotjobs.com • Discuss the impact the Internet has had on job seekers just like you. • Have you ever utilized a resource such as HotJobs.com to post your résumé? Explain why or why not. • Discuss how organizations that possess an effective human resource management department can be of benefit to you and your career path.