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Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System. Combining Forms. Aden(o): gland Adenoid(o): adenoids Aneurysm(o): aneurysm Angi (o), vas(o), vascul (o): vessel Aort (o): aorta Arter (o), arteri (o): artery Cancer(o), carcin (o): cancer Coron (o): crown Ech (o), son(o): sound Endocardi (o): endocardium.

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Cardiovascular System

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  1. Cardiovascular System

  2. Combining Forms • Aden(o): gland • Adenoid(o): adenoids • Aneurysm(o): aneurysm • Angi(o), vas(o), vascul(o): vessel • Aort(o): aorta • Arter(o), arteri(o): artery • Cancer(o), carcin(o): cancer • Coron(o): crown • Ech(o), son(o): sound • Endocardi(o): endocardium

  3. Combining Forms • Lymph(o): lymph • Lymphaden(o): lymph node • Lymphangi(o): lymph vessel • Lymphat(o): lymphatics • Mediastin(o): mediastinum • Myocardi(o): myocardium • Ox(i): oxygen • Pericardi(o): pericardium • Phleb(o), ven(i), ven(o): vein • Phot(o): light

  4. Combining Forms • Pulmon(o): lung • Rhythm(o), rrhythm(o): rhythm • Scler(o): hard • Sept(o): septum, partition • Sin(o): sinus, cavity, channel • Splen(o): spleen • Steth(o), thorac(o): chest • Thym(o): thymus • Tonsill(o): tonsil • Valv(o), valvul(o): valve • Ventricul(o): ventricle • Venul(o): venule

  5. Prefixes • De- = down, from, reversin • Epi- = above, upon • Peri- = around

  6. Suffixes • -edema: swelling • -ium: membrane • -meter: instrument used to measure • -metry: process of measuring • -ole: small • -oma: tumor • -phobia: abnormal fear • -sclerosis: stiffening, hardening • -stenosis: narrowing • -stomy: surgical opening • -tome: cutting instrument

  7. Your Heart • How many time does your heart beat per minute? day? Week? Month? Year? • Your heart pumps ~5.3 quarts per minute. How many quarts are pumped in a day? Week? Month? Year? • How many times has your heart beaten since you were born? • How many quarts of blood has your heart pumped since you were born?

  8. Interesting Heart Facts • Your heart is about the same size as your fist. • An average adult body contains about five quarts of blood. • All the blood vessels in the body joined end to end would stretch 62,000 miles or two and a half times around the earth. • The heart circulates the body's blood supply about 1,000 times each day. • The heart pumps the equivalent of 5,000 to 6,000 quarts of blood each day. • In one day, the blood travels a total of 19,000 km (12,000 miles) - that's four times the distance across the US from coast to coast.

  9. Cardiovascular System • Includes: heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries • Function: delivers oxygen and nutrients to all of the bodies cells and carries waste • Systemic: pertaining to or affecting the body as a whole

  10. Systemic Circulation • Systemic Circulation: carries oxygen rich blood between the heart and the rest of the body • Includes: arteries, aorta, vena cava, veins and capillaries

  11. Pulmonary Circulation • Pulmonary circulation: carries blood between the heart an lungs to pick up oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide • Includes: lungs, pulmonary artery, venules, arterioles and pulmonary veins

  12. Circulatory System • Arteries: take blood away from the heart • Arteriole: small artery • Capillaries: tiny arteries that blood cells can pass through single file • Veins: carry blood back to the heart • Venules: small veins that exchange blood with capillaries

  13. The Heart • Mediastinum: the area in the middle of the chest cavity that contains the heart, large vessels, trachea, esophagus and lymph nodes • Coronaryarteries and veins: the arteries and veins that supply blood to the heart

  14. The Heart • Endocardium: the inner lining of the heart • Myocardium: the thickest muscle layer of the heart • Epicardium: inner layer of the pericardium • Pericardium: a mucous membrane that surrounds the heart

  15. The Heart • Septum: the wall separating the right and left chambers of the heart • Atria (singular: atrium): the 2 upper chambers of the heart • Ventricles: the 2 lower chambers of the heart • Blood flow: blood enters the heart into the right atria and ventricles and leaves the heart from the left atria and ventricles

  16. The Heart • Inferior vena cava: where deoxygenated blood enters the heart from the legs • Superior vena cava: where deoxygenated blood enters the heart from the head and arms • Pulmonary artery: takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen • Pulmonary vein: takes oxygenated blood back to the heart • Aorta: takes oxygenated blood to the body • Carotid artery: carries blood to the brain

  17. Heart Valves • Tricuspid valve: between the right atrium and left ventricle • Mitral (bicuspid) valve: between the left atrium and left ventricle • Pulmonary valve: between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery • Aortic valve: between the left ventricle and the aorta

  18. Pumping Blood • Sinoatrial node (SA node): controls electrical impulses that cause the contraction of the heart (PACE MAKER) • Purkinje fibers: specialized nerve branches that allow fast contraction to synchronize the heart beat

  19. Blood Pressure • Sphygmomanometer: instrument that measures blood pressure • Systolic pressure: measured during heart muscle contraction (when the heart beats) • Top, higher number • Diastolic pressure: measured in between heart beats • Bottom, lower number • Hypertension: high blood pressure

  20. Causes of high blood pressure • Smoking • Obesity • Lack of exercise • Too much salt • Too much alcohol • Old age • Genetics • Kidney disease • Gland and thyroid disorders • Increased RBC count • Loss of elasticity in arterial walls

  21. Heart Beat • Stethoscope: placed on the chest to listen to heart sounds • Normal pulse rate: 60-100 bpm • Tachycardia: rapid heart rate • Bradycardia: slow heart rate

  22. Heart Conditions • Vasodilation: dilation of blood vessels • Vasoconstriction: constriction of blood vessels • Aortosclerosis: hardening of the aorta • Aortostenosis: narrowing of the aorta • Aneurysm: a blood filled bulge in the side of a blood vessel • Varicoseveins: blood pools up in veins

  23. Heart Conditions • Coronary artery disease (CAD): reduced flow of oxygen and nutrient to the myocardium • Cardiovascular disease: a disease of the heart and blood vessels that leads to heart attacks • #1 cause of death in the U.S.

  24. Heart Conditions • Arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD): hardening of the walls of the coronary arteries • Atherosclerosis: heart disease with fatty deposits on the walls of the arteries • Endarterectomy: removal of plaque from an obstructed artery

  25. Heart Conditions • Dysrhythmia: abnormal heart rhythm because the SA node is not working correctly • Fibrillation: rapid, uncoordinated heart contractions • Defibrillator: an electronic machine used to shock the heart to stop it • Ventricular fibrillation: severe cardiac dysrhythmia

  26. Heart Conditions • CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation • Resuscitation: restoring life • Congenitalheartdisease: any heart disease present at birth • Ventricular septal defect (VSD): an abnormal opening in the septum near the left and right ventricles • Atrial septal defect (ASD): an abnormal opening in the septum near the left and right atria

  27. Heart Conditions • Murmurs: abnormal sounds stemming from the heart valves • Thrombosis: a blood clot in the coronary artery • Myocardial infarction: no blood is being supplied to the heart itself (heart attack) • Anoxia: condition where no oxygen is present • Ischemia: insufficient blood flow to an area

  28. Heart Conditions • Cardiomegaly: enlargement of the heart because it is working too hard • Microcardia: abnormal smallness of the heart • Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): record of the heart while exercising to record heart stress • Echocardiogram: ultrasound used to diagnose heart conditions • Computed tomography (CT): produces a cross section of an organ

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