1 / 171

cardiovascular pharmacology 82655188O ljtxjtu office:No.916,9th floor,Library Building

?24? ??????????????? (drugs acting on ion channels in cardiovascular system ). . ??? ???????????:????????:??????????:???(permeation),???(selectivity),???(gating)??:??????(RP?AP),????????? ??:???,????:??(??),??(??),?? . ?? (1)????: ??????(voltage gated channels):????????? ????????:??

sukey
Download Presentation

cardiovascular pharmacology 82655188O ljtxjtu office:No.916,9th floor,Library Building

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

    1. ? ? ? ? ? (cardiovascular pharmacology) ??? 82655188(O) ljt@xjtu.edu.cn office:No.916,9th floor,Library Building

    2. ?24? ??????????????? (drugs acting on ion channels in cardiovascular system )

    3. ??? ????????? ??:?????? ??:???????? ??:???(permeation),???(selectivity),???(gating) ??:??????(RP?AP),????????? ??:???,?? ??:??(??),??(??),??

    4. ?? (1)????: ??????(voltage gated channels):????????? ????????:??????(ligand gated channels) ????????(mechanically gated ion channels) ??????????(nongated background/leak channels) (2)????: ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????(ionchannelpathies):

    6. ??? ??????????????? ??????????? (calcium channel blockers,??????) (?)??????? 1.??? 2.??? ????????:L?T?N?P?Q?R? ??????L?T?? ????????:?ß????????

    7. (?)???? (calcium antagonist) (?)?? ????Ca2+????????????,?????????????????????,??Ca2+?????????????(calcium channel blocker)? (?)?? 1.WHO??(1987) ??:????,????? ??:?????,????? PDC??????? ??:?????,????? ??:?????,????? ??:?????,????? PDC???????? ??:??,?????

    8. 2.IUPHAR??(1992) ??:??????L????,?????????4 ???: ?a?:????? ?b?:????? ?c?:???? ?d?:???? ??:???????????????? ???T???? ???N???? ???P???? ??:???? ?????,?????? ?????,?????? ???,??????

    9. (?)???? 1.?? (1)????:??????,???????????? (2)????:?????????????????????????????,????,???? (3)?????Ca2+???,?????????? 2.?? (1)???????,????? (2)????????????? (3)???????????????????????

    10. 3.??????? (1)????????? (2)???????? (3)???????? (4)?????,????(?????,????????????) 4.??????????? ???????,?????????,??????? 5.????????? ???AS?VSMC??,????,????,?????? 6.???? ????????;?????????????;??????????? 7.????:????????;???;??????;????????????

    11. (?)???? 1.??????????????????,???????????????????? 2.???????????????????????????????

    12. (?)???? 1.?????? (1)???:????????????,?????????????????? (2)???:????????????????,????,?????? (3)????:??????,?????? (4)?????:????????????? (5)?????:??????,??????,?????,???,???,??????????,?????????,?????,???????? (6)As 2.????:??????,???????????????,???,???????????

    13. (?)???? ??,????,????????????????

    14. ??????????????? ————————————————————————————— ???? ???? ???? ————————————————————————————— ???? --- -- -- ????? +++ ++ ++ ?????? +++ ++ ++ ?? 0,+ - - ????? 0,+ 0,- 0,- ????? 0 - - ???????? 0 - - ————————————————————————————— ?:+????,-????,0?????

    15. ??????????? (drugs acting on potassium channel) ??????????????????(potassium channel modulators). ??????(potassium channel blockers) ???:???? ?????:???? ??????(potassium channel openers) ??:????,???? ????:???? ????: ????:????

    16. ??????????? (drugs acting on sodium channel) ?????????????????? (sodium channel blockers) ???: ??? ???? I???????

    17. ?25? ?????? ?(antiarrhythmic agents) ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????

    18. ??? ???????? 1.???????:* 2.??????????????? RP?AP AP????????? AP???? AP???Na+?K+?Ca2+?? 3.????????:???,???,???

    20. ??? ???????? 1.???????: 2.???????????????* RP?AP AP????????? AP???? AP???Na+?K+?Ca2+?? 3.????????:???,???,???

    23. ??? ???????? 1.??????? 2.??????????????? RP?AP AP????????? AP???? AP???Na+?K+?Ca2+?? 3.????????:???,???,???*

    25. ??? ???????? 1.?????? (1)?????????:???????,??????? (2)????????????:??????? 2.???(afterdepolarization)?????(triggered activity) ???:????????AP???????????,?????????????????????????????????TP?,??????,??????

    26. ??????: ????(EAD):???AP???2?3?* ????(DAD):???AP?????? ????????: ????:???????K+?????????? ???????,??????????????TP,?????,Ca2+???AP?????????? ??????,??????? ????:????????Ca2+??????Na+?????Na+??????TP,??????? ???????,????,???????

    28. ??????: ????(EAD):???AP???2?3?? ????(DAD):???AP?????* ????????: ????: ???????K+?????????????????,??????????????TP,?????, Ca2+???AP?????????? ??????,??????? ????: ????????Ca2+??????Na+?????Na+??????TP,??????? ???????,????,???????

    30. ??????: ????(EAD):???AP???2?3?? ????(DAD):???AP?????. ????????: ????: ???????K+?????????????????,??????????????TP,?????, Ca2+ ???AP?????????? ??????,??????? ????: ????????Ca2+??????Na+?????Na+??????TP,??????? ???????,????,???????

    31. 3.?????? (1)??????:????,????,????? ??? ????:??????,???????,????????AP? (2)????(reentry) ???:???????????????????????????? ?????:?????::???? ?????:????????? ????ERP??? ???:????—?? ????—?????????*

    34. 4.??????????? ?????????????????????????????

    35. ??? ?????????????? ????:???????????????? ????RP?AP????????? ??????????? 1.????? ?Na+????Ca2+????K+???????????? 2.????? (1)???? ?K+????????????????????????

    36. (2)???? ?Na+??(?Ca2+????K+??)?????????????????????????? 3.??ERP?APD (1)??ERP: ?Na+????Ca2+????K+?????ERP? (2)??ERP/APD??? (3)??????????ERP????? 4.?????????? ??????,??????,????? 1111111111

    37. ??? ????????? ???????:?????????? ???????:???? ??:??????:?????,??Na+?? ?a, ?b, ?c? ??:ß?????:????? ??:??APD???(??????):???? ??:????:?????

    39. ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? (pro-arrhythmia)

    40. ??? ???????? ????????? (?)?a? ???(quinidine) ?????? 1.?????????? ????:?Na+??,?K+??,?Ca2+?? ?Na+????(?????????,?? ?????) ????:??????????? ??:(1)????? (2)???? ????? (3)??APD?ERP (4)????????

    42. 2.????????:??????a?????? ?????? 1.????????:????,???????????? 2.??????????????,?????,?????????????????????? 3.??????????????,???????????????? ?????? 1.?????(chichonic reaction) 2.????? 3.????:??????:?????,????,??????,???????? 4.???:???????????????

    43. ?????(procainamide) ??: 1.????????????? 2.??????????????,?????????,??????????????,?a??????? 3.????????,??????????,?????????????;??????????? 4.?????????,?????????,??????????

    44. (?) ?b? ????(lidocaine) ?????? ????:?K+??,?Na+??,??K+???? ????:???????,???????? ???? ??: 1.????? 2.??ERP?APD,?ERP/APD??????,????????????ERP????,?????????* 3.???????:????

    46. (?) ?B? ????(lidocaine) ?????? ????:?K+??,?Na+?? ??????????????? ??????????????? ????:???? ??: 1.????? 2.??ERP?APD,?ERP/APD??????,????????????ERP????,????????? 3.???????:????

    47. (1)??????:?????????????????????????????????? (2)???????:????????????????????? ?????? ????????(?????????)???,???????????????;??????????????;?????????? ?????? 1.??????:????? 2.??????????????????????????

    48. ????(phenytoin sodium) 1.?????????????????,?????????;????????Na+-K+-ATP?,????????????? 2.???????,??ERP?APD,???????,???????? 3.????????????????,???????????;?????????,????????;???????????????????? 4.?????????,??????

    49. ???(mexiletine) ?????????????? ???,???,??????? ???????????,????????,??????????????

    50. (?)?C? ????(propafenone,???) 1.????Na+??,??????????????; 2.???????????;??????;?????,??APD?ERP;????ß??,???????????? 3.????????????????,?????? 4.???????,?????????????,?????? ?????:???(flecainide),???(encainide)

    51. ??ß?????? ????(???,propranolol) ?????? ??????CA????????ß1???Na+,Ca2+??? ???????,???,ERP????????? ???????: (1)ß??????(??):?????????ß1?????????? (2)?????:??Na+?? ????:???,??,???? ??: 1.?????:??????????????? 2.????:??ß?????????????????,????ß????????????????? 3.?????ERP??

    52. ?????? ????????????CA?(????????)????????? (1)??????:????? (2)???????:??? (3)??,??:??????,??????? ?????????? (4)??????,???????????;???????,????????,????????,?????? (5)??????????????????????

    53. ????APD???(??????) ???(amiodarone,????? ) ?????? ????: ?????????,??????????? ??????a?ß??;??T3?T4????? 1.?????????????????????APD?ERP:???????? 2.????????????:??????,????? 3.??????????????:???????????ß?????? 4.???????,????,??????

    54. ?????? ????????,????????????,?????????????????????????,???????? ?????? 1.??????????? 2.?????? 3.???????????,????????????? 4.???:??????,??????,?????????

    55. ????(sotalol) ?? (1)??ß??:?????,??????? (2)?????:??????????????APD?ERP ?? ???????????,????????????????? ???? ?,??????? ?????,?????,??????,????????

    56. ??????? ??????????? L????,????????????,????????,?????ERP? ????,?????,?????????? ????(verapamil) ?????? ????:?????,?Ca2+?? ????:?????—?????????? ??????????????? ??:1.????? 2.??????? 3.??ERP

    57. ?????? 1.??????????,??,???? 2.????????????,?????? 3.?????????????????????????,???????????? 4.?????????????????? ??: ????,???????????;??ß??????? ??:???P291

    58. ?27? ??????????? [Drugs used in treatment of chronic congestive heart failure(CHF)] ?? ???? RAAI ??? ß????? ???? ????:?????,??????

    59. ? ? 1.??:???????????,????????????????????,???????????????????????* 2.??????????????? 3.????????:?????,??,??????? 4.???????????????????? (1)???????:???;???;?????;?????? (2)???????:???,?????,???,ACEI,ß???????

    64. ???? RAAI: ACEI, AT1???,?????? ???:?????????? ß?????:????,???? ????:??? ????:?????,?????? ???????????????????? (1)???????:???;???;?????;?????? (2)???????:???,?????,???,ACEI,ß???????

    65. ??? RAAI (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitor) ??: ACEI AT1??? ?????

    67. ??ACEI 1.?? (1)??????,??????,??????,????????,????? (2)????: ????; ???????; ???????,????,????????????

    68. 2.?CHF???? (1)??ACE ?????????ACE?????Ang??; ?Ang???????????????; ?????????,????????,???????NO?PGI2??; ?????????,??????

    69. (2)?????????: ????ACE???Ang??? ?????????; ? ????,???????,?????; ???????,??????,??? ?????,????,?????? (3)??????????? ??????????????(ventricular re-modeling),???????,?????????? (4)???????? ?????????,??CA??;???????????;??ß1???????;??AC???? (5)??VEC,????????

    70. ??: Ang?????,???,??????????,ACEI??Ang???; ?????,??NO?PGI2??,??? ?????? 3.??:????CHF????,??????????????????,????(?????)? 4.????:???? ??? ????? ??? 5.???????????: ????(captopril) ????(enalapril) ????(cilazapril) ????(benazapril)?

    71. ??AT1???(ARB) 1.??:??Ang??????????? 2.??:???,CHF(??????????, Ang????),??????? 3.??:?????,??????????? ?????ACEI??????? 4.??: ???(losartan) ???(valsartan) ????(erbesartan)?

    72. ???????(aldosterone antagonists) ???: ????,????; ?????,???????,????; ??VSMC???,??????; ???????????,??????; ??????????,??PAI,???;??????????,????????; ????; ??????; ?????:?????????;???????;???????,?????? ??:???(spironolacton):?????????? ????:?????????,????? ??ACEI??

    73. ??? ???(diuretics) 1.??: ??:?????,???????,?????????????????? ????:??VSMC????,??????,????? 2.??: ??:??????????? ??:????,?ACEI?? ??CHF:?????; ??CHF:???????????; ??CHF:???????? 3.????: ????,????????,??????,????; ????????,?????????,??RAAS,????NA; ?????,??????;

    74. ??? ß????? ??: 1.??:????,??????,??????? ??,?????,?????? 2.?? (1)???????: ???ß??,????????????,?? ????Ang II??????; ?????CA?????Ca2+??,?????? ??????????,????????; ???????; ???ß?????,?????????;

    75. ???ß???CA????; ???RAAS,?????????; ?????,??????? (2)??????????????:??????? ????,????????????,???? ?????? (3)???????????,?????????? ?? (4)????????a??,?????? 3.??: ??????????CHF(???????),???????CHF? ??????,?????,???????? ????CHF??????,????????????????

    76. ????: ????(carvedilol)(???) ????(metoprolol) ????(bisoprolol) 4.?? (1)????:???,ACEI,????; (2)????:?????????????; (3)?????:????????????? ?,????????3??; (4)?????; (5)?????:??????,?????? ??,???,???????

    77. ??? ??? (cardiotonic agents) 1.??:?????????????????,???????? 2.?? (1)???:?????????,????? (2)ß?????:????ß1??,???? ???,??????,????? (3)PDE???:???????PDE????cAMP????????,????? (4)????(calcium sensitizer):??????????????,???????;?????PDE-III????,???,????

    78. ?????(cardiac glycosides) ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??

    79. ?????? ??????? 1.??????? (1)?? ?????:??????????,????,???? ?????:?????????,???????? ??????????,???????????,??????* (2)?? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????,??????????? ?????????,??????????

    81. ?????? 1.??????? (1)?? ?????:??????????,????,???? ?????:?????????,??????? ??????????,???????????,????? (2)?? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????,??????????? ?????????,??????????

    82. (3)???? ???+?????(Na+-K+-ATP?)????????Na+?K+????????Na+??????Na+??????Na+???Ca2+ ?,?Na+???Ca2+?????Ca2+???????????* 2.?????? (1)??:????????????? (2)?? ???? ????:?????????????? ?????

    84. (3)???? ???+?????(Na+-K+-ATP?)????????Na+?K+????????Na+??????Na+??????Na+???Ca2+ ?,?Na+???Ca2+?????Ca2+??????????? 2.?????? (1)??:????????????? (2)?? ???? ????:?????????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???:???????

    85. (3)?? ???????????????? ?????,????????; ? ???????; ??????????????? ?????????????

    86. 3.???? (1)??:???????? (2)?? ???????(????):??????? ??????????????????? ???? ????????:??????????? (3)??:????????????????? ?????????????????

    87. 4. ????????? ????????,?????????? 5.??????????? ——————————————————— ??? ?? ??? ???? ——————————————————— ??? ? ? ??? ? ERP ? ? ? ——————————————————— ??: (1)????:??Na+-K+-ATP?????????????????????????? (2)????:???????????????????? ACh???????????,??????,???ERP???

    88. 6.??????? P-P????,P-R????,Q-T????,T???????????,S-T???? ??????????????,??????????

    89. ?????????????? ???????NA??,??????????????????? ????????????? ????CNS???,?????CTZ????,??????????? ??CHF????????,?????????II????;???????,???

    90. ???????? ??????,??????? ?????,??????,????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??: (1)?????????????????????? (2)???????Na+-K+-ATP?,??????Na+? ???

    91. ???????? 1.CHF (1)???????,??????? ?????????????????????; ????????????????????????????????????; ???????????????????????????????????????????????? (2)???????,?????????

    92. ?????????????????????: (1)?????????????????????? (2)??????????????????????????????? (3)????????????B1???????????,????? (4)???????,??????????????,???? (5)????????????????????????????,?????

    93. ? ? 1.??:?????;???;?????????;???? 2.??:?????,???????,????????,???,????? 3.1997????????: ???????????, ??????, ??????, ???????????????, ????????

    94. 2.?????? (1)????:?????? ?????:??????????????? ?????????? ?????:??????,???????? (2)????:?????? ?????:??????ERP,??????; ????????,?????? ?????:??????,???????,? ??,???????????? (3)??????????:?????????? ????????????????????

    95. ????? (1)?????????????,????????????????? (2)????????: ?????????????,?????;?????K???,??????,?????? ????????????,?????? ??????????????,?????????? ???????????????:?????,???????;?????,??????????????????????,?????,?K??? ???????????,????????????? ????????????,?????????,???????;??????????K??????,???????,????????

    96. ?????? ?????,???????????,??? 1.???? (1)????? (2)CNS?????? (3)?? ??:??????? ????: ????????????????? ???????? ??????? 2.????

    97. (1)????:???,???,???,????,????????? (2)??????:????????,??????,????? 3.???? (1)??? (2)??:???????,????? (3)??????: ???????—??????,???? ?????????????????? ??????,??????—???? (4)??????

    98. ?????? 1.?????:???+???? ???:????????,???????? ???:??????,24h??????,? ?????,????? ???:???????,2~4?????? ?,??????,????? ??:??????1.25~1.5mg,??? 0.125~0.5mg 2.???????: ??????,?????,??,0.25mg/?,1????????????

    99. ???? (1)???:??????(digitoxin),????? (2)???:????(digoxin),????? (3)???:???? ???C(lanatoside C,???cedilanid) ????K(strophantin K)?

    100. ??ß????? (ß receptor agonists) 1.??ß????? Ad?NA?IP?????????? ??:(1)????? (2)???????? (3)???????????

    101. 2.??ß????? ??: ??????ß1,???????,?????? ????????? ?????????????????,??????,??????? ????????,?????????????

    102. (1)ß?????: ????;????,??????,???? (2)ß???????:????(xamoterol) ?????????? (3)DA???: ?????—????ß1? ???—?????,????ß1?DR? ????—??ß1?ß2?DR? (4)ß?????:????(??ß)

    103. ??????????(PDEI) (1)??:????+??????????? (2)??:??PDE????VSMC?cAMP????????; ??VSM,????,???????????? (3)???????? (4)??????????,????????????? (5)???(milrinone):?????,?????,????????????? ? ????,????

    104. ??????(calcium sensitizer) ??:??????????????,???????;?????PDE-III? ??:??????,??????? ??:??????,???????? ??:??? ??:???,???,?????

    105. ??? ?????(vasodilators) 1.????????? (1)???????????A??V???? ??????????,?????? (2)???????? 2.??:????????????????, ???????? 3.????: (1)?????????:????????? ?,?????;

    106. (2)?????????????: ????,?????????; (3)?????????????????: ????????,????????? 4.?? (1)???????; (2)??????,??????,?????? (3)???????????,???????? ?,??????????????; (4)??????????????????,? ??????,????????

    107. 4.????? (1)???????(nitrovasodilator) ????(????????????,V>A),???(A=V)? (2)a?????:????????(A>V)? (3)??????????: ???(A>V)? (4)????: ????,????(A>V):?????? ?,??,???????,???????????????????????????????????? (5)ACEI:??????

    108. ??? ??????????? ???????????ACEI?? ??????ACEI?ß??????? ACEI:????????,???,????? ß?????:???????????,??????,??????ACEI??? ?????:???????,????ACEI?ß?????,??????,??????????????????????ACEI?ß?????????? ???????? (????????????:“?????????????”,??????,2002)

    111. ?28? ????? (antianginal drugs) 1.?? 2.?? (1)??????:????????????????? (2)??????:?????????? (3)???:??????????????????? ??????????????????????????? 3.????????:??????,????????????:?????,?????

    112. 4.???????????? ??????:?????,???? ??????:?????,??????? ????? 5.???????: (1)????:????? (2)ß?????:????? (3)????:?????????? (4)????:????,?????

    113. ??? ????(nitrates) ????(nitroglycerin) ????? ?????,??????,??????(8%) ????????,??????(80%),????????

    114. ?????? ????:?????,???VSM? ????:???????NO???GC?cGMP? ?????cGMP?PK??????? ???????????* 1.??:??VSM,????AV,??????? ??V??? 2.??:???????????.?????, ????,???????????? ?????? 3.?????:???????,??,???? ?,??????,??????

    116. ?????? ????:?????,???VSM? ????:???????NO???GC?cGMP? ?????cGMP?PK??????? ??????????? 1.??:??VSM,????AV,??????? ??V??? 2.??:???????????.?????, ????,???????????? ?????? 3.?????:???????,??,???? ?,??????,??????

    117. ???????? 1.???????: ????A,V????,????????????????? 2.????????,?????????? (1)??A?V?????????????????????????????????????????????? (2)???????????????,?????????,???????????????????????????????,?????????????,???????????????????,??????????(?) 3.?????????,?????? ???????NO???PGI2?CGRP??????? 4.??????:?????NO ??:???????????????????????

    118. ?????? 1.???:???????,????????,???????,????? 2.??????:???????,???????? 3.??????? ?????? 1.??????? 2.???:VSMC??????? ??????,??????? ??:?????????,??????,???? ???

    119. ??? ß????? (ßreceptor blockers) ?????? ????:ß?????? ????:??ß?? ???????? 1.??????? ????ß1????,??????????? 2.????????? (1)????ß1???????????????????????????????? (2)????ß2?????????????,??????????????????????????????? 3.??????:??????????,??FFA??;????????GS??????,?????;??????????????????????

    120. ??: ???????????????,?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????? 1.???(???)???:???????????????? 2.??????????? 3.????:??,???,???????? 4.???????,????,???????? (1)???????????????????,?????????

    121. (2)??????????: ?????ß???????????????????????????????; ???????????????????????????????????? ????: (1)?????????,?????? (2)???????????,??????? (3)?????????????? (4)????????????????????

    122. ??? ?????? (calcium antagonists) ????(nifedipine)?????(verapamil)?????(diltiazem)? ?????? ????:????? ????:????????Ca2+?? ???????? 1.??????? ?????????,??????????????????????????????????????

    123. 2.????????? (1)?????????,???????????????????????????? (2)????????????????????? 3.???????????? ???????Ca2+????????Ca2+?????????? 4.?????? ??: ???????????,???????,????????,????,????????

    124. ?????? 1.??????:?????????? 2.??????:??? 3.???????:?????,??????? 4.??????:???????,????????,??????? 5.???????????????????? ????: ?????????,??????,??????; ?????????,??????; ???????ß????????????,??????????

    125. ?????ß????????????? ??????????? —————————————————————— ???? ???? ß????? ???? —————————————————————— ???? ? ± ? ???? ? ? ± ???? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ± ??? ? ? ± ???/??? ? ? ? ???? ???? ? ? ? ——————————————————————

    126. ?29? ????????(anti-atherosclerotic drugs) 1.As 2.????: ????:(1)????????LDL??? ; (2)????TG?VLDL???. ????:????? ??????:?????? ? ???????:??????????????A?????? ? 3.????

    127. ??? ???? (lipidemic-modulating drugs) 1.?????? ??:chol?TG? ?????:chol?TG?PL???????? ???:HDL?LDL?IDL?VLDL?CM? 2.???????? ??????????(??) ?????????(????ß-?????) (??,????a??b?) ?????ß-?????(??) ??ß-?????(??) ???????(??????????)(??)*

    128. ??????? ——————————————————————————————— ?? ???? ???? ???? ?AS??? ?? ???? ——————————————————————————————— I CM TG???,TC? ?? ?? ?a LDL TC?? ?? ???? ? b VLDL,LDL TG??,TC?? ?? ???? III IDL TG??,TC?? ?? ?? IV VLDL TG?? ?? ?? V CM,VLDL TG??,TC? ????? ?? ———————————————————————————————

    129. 3.?????????? (1)????:????????????? (2)????? (3)????:??LDL?VLDL?TC?TG?apo B,??HDL?apo A?

    130. ??????????LDL??? (?)HMG CoA??????(HMG CoA reductase inhibitors) (statins,???) 1.??: (1)????:TC?LDL?VLDL?apo B?,HDL?? (2)?????: ????????,??????????????; ??VSMC?????,????; ????????????????,?As??????? ????C????,??As???????; ???????????????????; ???????????????

    131. 2.??:HMG CoA????chol???????????????,??chol??;LDL??????,??LDL?VLDL????;?????????apo B????,?VLDL???? 3.??: ????????????? ????????????(?a??b) ????????; ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4.????:???????,????ALP??,??????? 5.????:??????????????????????????

    132. (?)??????? ????(cholestyramine,???) ????(colestipol,???) ?????? ???TC?LDL? ????:(1)????chol????? (2)??chol?? ???????a??????? ?????? 1.?????? 2.????????????????? 3.?????,???,???,?????,?????,??????

    133. ??????TG?VLDL??? ??(nicotinic acid) ?????? 1.???TG,VLDL?LDL(????TG?VLDL) 2.??HDL 3.??TXA2??,??PGI2??,??????,???? ????:??????,??TG??,???????? ?,??????B???? ??????????,?,?,???????? ?????? 1.??????? 2.????,???? 3.??? ????:????????????,???????,???????????,??,?????

    134. ???(fibrates,????) ?????? 1.???TG?VLDL?LDL?TC,??HDL? 2.?????:???????????? 3.???????? ????:(1)??????VLDL?TG (2)????????,??VLDL?TG???? (3)???????????????(PPAR) ?????? ?b,?,?,????????,??????III?????????? ????????? 1.?????? 2.????? ????:????,????,????,????,????

    135. ??? ???? ????(probucol,???) 1.?? (1)????,??ox-LDL??? (2)??TC?LDL,??HDL (3)?As 2.??:???????? 3.????:????????????,?????? ??:???E(vitmin E)

    136. ??? ??????(polyenoic fatty acid) ??????(unsaturated fatty acids) ????: 1.???TG?chol?LDL?VLDL,??HDL? 2.???????,???????? 3.???~????????? 4.????????????????????????????????????????

    137. ??? ??????? ??(heparin) ?As??: ??TC?TG?LDL?VLDL,??HDL; ???????????,??????????,??????; ???????????; ??VSMC?????; ??????????????????????; ???? ????:?????????,???As? ????? (??????????????????) ??:????

    138. ?30? ????? (antihypertensive drugs,hypotensive drugs) 1.??????: ???????????????,??????????????????????????????????????140/90mmHg????????? 2.??: VEC???As????????? ??????? ??????,?????? ??????As ??????:????? 3.????? (1)??????/?????? (2)??/??/??/?????,????? (3)???/???????*

    140. 4.?????????: ????:???????? ????:?????????????

    141. ??? ????????? 1.?????:????? 2.??-???????? (1)ACEI:????? (2)AT1???:???? (3)?????:???? 3.??????? (1)????????:???? (2)??????:????? (3)??????????????:???? (4)????????? ?a?????:??? ?ß?????:???? ?a?ß?????:????? 4.????:????? 5.?????: (1)???????:???,???? (2)??????:???,????*

    143. ??? ???(duretics) ?????????,??????????,?????? ?????? 1.?? ??????????? 2.?? ???????Na+??VSMC Na+?? Na+-Ca2+???????Ca2+??VSM????????????

    144. ?????? 1.????????????,?? 2.?????????? 3.????????????????? ??????????? ??:?????.?????,????????????ACEI ??:?????????(????,??????) ??????Na+??? ?????? ?????????(???????) ???????? ????????(???ß?????)

    145. ??? ??-???????? (renin-angiotensin inhibitors) ??ACEI ?????? 1.????????????,??????????10? 2.??????????,??????????????? 3.???????????,?????? 4.????????????? 5.????????????????????,???????,?????????????????????????? 6.????????????????????

    146. ?????? ??????????ACE,???????????? ??????????????3????????,?????????,????????,????????,??????? ???????+??????(???)??????, ??????+??????????, ??+????? 1.????????ACE,???????????,???? 2.???????,??PGI2?NO?? 3.?????????? 4.?????????? 5.?????,?????? 6.??????

    149. ?????? 1.???:???? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????+???+ß????????????????????? 2.????????,?????????????? ?????????? 1.???(????) 2.????? 3.??? 4.??????? ??????????(captopril),????(enalapril),????(ramipril),????(benazapril)?

    150. ACEI??: 1.?????????? 2.ACEI???????(??,???)??? 3.??????,??????? ??AT1??? 1.AT??: AT?4???,AT1????????,?????????? 2.??: ??AT1???AT-II??????????????????,?????????? 3.??:?ACEI 4.????:???(losartan),???(valsartan) ????(irbesartan)?

    151. ??? ??????? ?????????? ???(clonidine,???) ?????? 1.???? (1)???,????? (2)???????????????,??? ????? (3)????????????? 2.??,????????????

    152. ?????? 1.????????????I1??????????????????????????????? 2.?????????????????a2???????????????????????????????????,????????(?) 3.????NA????????a2?????????????????????????NA??????????????

    153. ?????? 1.???????;????????????,???????????????????? 2.???????????????? ?????? 1.????:???????????????? 2.???????,???? 3.???? ??????:????,?????

    154. ??????????? ???? 1.a?????(???a1?????) ?????????? 2.ß????? ?????? 3.a?ß????? ??????

    155. ???(prazosin) ?????? 1.???? ??:(1)???,???? (2)??????????? (3)????????????????? (4)???,??????????????? ??? (5)??????? 2.?????:???????????????? 3.??TG?TC?LDL-c?VLDL-c,????HDL?? ??????? ?????????????a1???????????

    156. ?????? 1.???????????????????,?ß????????????????????? 2.??????? ?????? 1.???????????? 2.????:??????????? ????:??????????

    157. ????(propranolol) ?????? 1.???????,??,???? 2.??????? 3.????????,????? 4.??????????????? ?????? 1.????ß1???????????????? 2.??????????ß??????????NA??????? 3.??????????ß2???????????????????? 4.????ß??????????????????????????(?) 5.??????????? 6.?????????

    158. ?????? 1.????????? 2.????? (1)??????? (2)?????????? (3)?????,????,????????? 3.???????????,??????? ????:????,?????

    159. ????(labetalol,?????) ??: 1.??a?ß??,???? ß????>a???? ?ß1?ß2???? a1????>a2???? ???????a1?ß1???? 2.???,?????? 3.?????????????

    160. ??????? ?????? ??VSMC?Ca2+??????Ca2+??????VSM????????? ????:????(nifedipine) ????(nitrendipine) ????(lacidipine) ????(amlodipine)

    161. ????(nifedipine) ?????? 1.???,?????? 2.???????,?????? 3.???????????,??????? 4.?????????????,??ACEI? 4.???,?,?????,??????,????????? 5.?????????,??????,??????;????????,?????,???ß?????

    162. ????(nitrendipine) ?????? ??????????,???????,???????? ???????????   ????(lacidipine) ????(amlodipine) ?????? ???????,?????,?????????,??????????? ?????????

    163. ??? ??????? 1.???? ???????????????????????? 2.???? ?????????????????

    164. ????????? ???(hydralazine,????) ?????? 1.???,???? 2.??????????,?????,????,??????????? 3.???????????,????? 4.??????,?????? ?????? ??,???????????Ca2+??????Ca2+?????

    165. ?????? 1.????? 2.??ß?????????,???????? ß???????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????? 1.????? 2.????? 3.?????????????????

    166. ???????? ???(diazoxide) 1.?????????????,?????? 2.???????,?????? 3.???? ???????????????????????????????????????????????VSM?? 4.???????????????,???? 5.???????,????,?????? ???:????,????,????

    167. ????????? ???(sodium nitroprusside) ?????? 1.???????,?????????,????????? 2.???????????????????????? 3.????:??NO???GC????cGMP? ?VSM?? 4.???????,?????????????????????? 5.??????,???? ??,???? ???????????

    168. ??? ?????????? 1.?????????? ??:????????? ??:???????????,???? ???????ACEI????? ??:????????????????? ??? ???????????:???,???*

    170. 2.???? (1)????ß????? (2)???+ß????? (3)???+ß?????+????? (4)???+ß?????+?????+??? 3.?????????????? (1)???????:a-????,ß???,ACEI (2)??????????:a-????,???, ACEI,????? (3)????????:???,????,????, ACEI,??ß????? (4)????????:????,????,??? ???

    171. (5)???????????:???,????? (6)???????????:??ß????? (7)???????????:ß????? (8)?????????:??? (9)??????????:?????? (10)?????????:?????????? 4.????? 5.????????? 6.????,?????? 7.?????:??,??,??????ACEI????????AT1??? 8.????(ß?????,???,????,ACEI)

More Related