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Technology

Technology. Chemistry Tools. CTD (conductivity temperature depth) Thermometers Bucket Reversing Bathythermograph pH pH meter Chemical test. Chemistry Tools. Oxygen concentration Winkler titration Oxygen probe Salinity Hydrometer Set measures temp too Knudsen titration

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Technology

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  1. Technology

  2. Chemistry Tools • CTD (conductivity temperature depth) • Thermometers • Bucket • Reversing • Bathythermograph • pH • pH meter • Chemical test

  3. Chemistry Tools • Oxygen concentration • Winkler titration • Oxygen probe • Salinity • Hydrometer • Set measures temp too • Knudsen titration • Not very accurate • Salinometer • Electric and expensive

  4. Chemistry Tools • Radiometer • Electromagnetic radiation • Temp and satellites • SPMD (Semi Permeable Membrane Device) • Hydrophobic organic compounds

  5. Bottle Samplers • Van Dorn (Messenger) • Uses messenger • Surface Sampler • JZ Bacteriological (messenger) • Sterile • NiskinBottle (messenger) • Nansen modified by Shale Niskin

  6. Bottle Samplers • Nansen Bottle (messenger) • Reverses 180* • Rosette Sampler • 12 to 36 bottles • Center has other instrument

  7. Ship Technology • Altimeter • Height • Barometer • Air pressure • Velocity Profiler • Speed • Gyrocompass • Direction • SCS • NOAA

  8. Ship Terminology

  9. Types of data • Continuous • Ongoing (mainly driving the ship) • Event • Moments (test taking) • Raw • Directly from observation tools • Derived • Derived from other raw data

  10. Currents • Drift Bottle • Pollution • Current meter • speed • Current Dye • biodegradable • Drifter • Transmits location/conditions

  11. Currents • Drogue • Pollution • Rare • Drift Card • Just under surface • pollution • Swallow float • Tracked • Specific depth

  12. Biological tools • Suction sampler(critter getter) • vacuum • D-Sampler • Detritus and small organisms • Deck Plankton Collector • Pump from boat • Succession Plate • Set for a period of time

  13. Biological tools • Sedgwick-rafter plankton counting chamber • estimate • Folsom Plankton splitter • Put in a drum and split • Standard Plankton net • Towed horizontally or vertically

  14. The deep • Sounder • depth • Fathometer • SONAR (Sound Navigation And Ranging) • Bottom corer • Samples sediment

  15. Dredges and grabs • Biological dredge • Rocky bottom • destructive • Petersen grab • Rocky or soft bottom (free fall) • Ekman Grab • Soft bottom only (messenger)

  16. Tools • Messenger • Triggers many tools • Wash Bucket • cleans • Surveying equipment • Tells beach profile • Secchi disk • clarity

  17. Tools • ForelUle Scale • Clarity • Sonde • Many Recordings • Transects • Reference point • Quadrats • Counting in an area

  18. Satellites • Sea-sat A • 1978 • Ocean temp • Nimbus 7 (CZCS) • 1978-86 • Ocean color • Geosat • 1985-1989 • Ocean level height

  19. Satellites • Topex-Poseidon • France-US • 1992-2005 • Sea level height • NASA Scaterrometer (NSCAT) • 1996-today • Atmospheric winds and ocean waves • SeaStar/SeaWIFS • 1997-2010 • Ocean Color

  20. Satellites • QuikSCAT/Sea Winds • 1999-today • Atmosphere winds and ocean waves • Terra • 1999-today • Earth’s climate • Jason-1 • 2001-today • France-US (replaced Topex) • Sea level height

  21. Satellites • GRACE • Germany-US • 2002-today • Ocean currents, sea level, climate change • Aqua • Japan-US-Brazil • 2002-today • Water cycle, and climate change • ICESat • 2003-today • Ice sheet growth/retreat

  22. Satellite terminology • GOES(Geo-Stationary Operational Environmental Satellite) • Geosynchronous, stays at one point • POES(Polar Operational Environmental Satellite) • Sun-synchronous, same place-same time

  23. Satellite Technology • AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) • Takes 2048 pixel pictures to determine ocean color • GPS (Global Positioning System) • Ship navigation

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