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Unit 9 BANKING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

This unit focuses on the banking sector in developing countries, including listening skills, vocabulary related to finance, and understanding the differences between developed and developing economies.

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Unit 9 BANKING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

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  1. Unit 9 BANKING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

  2. Skills focus Listening • using the Cornell note-taking system • recognizing digressions in lectures • Speaking • making effective contributions to a seminar • referring to other people’s ideas in a seminar • Vocabulary focus • fixed phrases from finance • fixed phrases from academic English

  3. A Match the words to make fixed phrases. 9.1 Vocabulary economic based capita financial country income industrialized free indicators interest nationalized industry per liberalization

  4. B Study the words and phrases in box a. 9.1 Vocabulary 1 Complete each phrase in column 2 with a word from column 1. the on __________ one hand __________ most cases _______ start with to __________ extent on __________ other hand on _________ grounds that __________ people think in to some the the most

  5. B Study the words and phrases in the box. 9.1 Vocabulary • 2 Which phrase can you use to: • begin talking about several points________________________ • talk about certain circumstances _____________________ • compare two ideas__________________________ • mention an idea _____________________ • agree only partly with a point ____________________ • give a reason for a point ______________________ to start with in most cases on the one hand most people think to some extent on the grounds that See Vocabulary bank.

  6. Vocabulary bank Recognizing fixed phrases from academic English (2) Make sure you understand these fixed phrases from general spoken academic English. As we shall see, … Bearing in mind that … But the real question is … From the point of view of … If we turn now to … In most cases … In the sense that … That’s the reason why … It could be argued that … It’s true to say that … Most people think … On the grounds that … On the one hand, … On the other hand, … Research has shown that … So it should be clear that … So to get back to the main topic … To some extent … To start with, …

  7. C Read the extract from the Hadford University handout about developing nations and banking on this page. 9.1 Vocabulary 1 Match the underlined words in this extract with the definitions on the opposite page.

  8. C Read the extract from the Hadford University handout about developing nations and banking on this page. 9.1 Vocabulary 1 Match the underlined words in this extract with the definitions on the opposite page. C I A J D E N L O K F M G B H

  9. C Read the extract from the Hadford University handout about developing nations and banking on this page. 9.1 Vocabulary 2 Use your dictionary to check words you do not know.

  10. D Look at the pictures on the opposite page. What does each picture show? How do they relate to developed and developing countries? 9.1 Vocabulary

  11. D Look at the pictures on the opposite page. What does each picture show? How do they relate to developed and developing countries? 9.1 Vocabulary Possible answers: 1 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development headquarters in Paris. OECD provides statistics about economic development to member and non-member countries.

  12. D Look at the pictures on the opposite page. What does each picture show? How do they relate to developed and developing countries? 9.1 Vocabulary Possible answers: 2 Modern US city centre. This is the conventional example of a developed economy.

  13. D Look at the pictures on the opposite page. What does each picture show? How do they relate to developed and developing countries? 9.1 Vocabulary Possible answers: 3 Young woman on a shoe factory production line. This illustrates low-cost industrial labour in a country moving away from an agricultural-based economy.

  14. D Look at the pictures on the opposite page. What does each picture show? How do they relate to developed and developing countries? 9.1 Vocabulary Possible answers: 4 Modern office in India. This exemplifies a developing economy, with a growing information technology sector.

  15. D Look at the pictures on the opposite page. What does each picture show? How do they relate to developed and developing countries? 9.1 Vocabulary Possible answers: 5 Old truck with a load of sugarcane. This is the conventional example of low-investment agriculture in a developing country.

  16. D Look at the pictures on the opposite page. What does each picture show? How do they relate to developed and developing countries? 9.1 Vocabulary Possible answers: 6 The World Bank Group headquarters in New York. The World Bank lends development funds to developing countries.

  17. E Read sentences A–F on the opposite page. Replace the words in italics with a phrase from Exercise B. 9.1 Vocabulary in most cases To start with to some extent on the other hand on the grounds that Most people think

  18. F Complete the table on the right. 9.1 Vocabulary 1 Mark the nouns in the first column as countable (C), uncountable (U) or both. 2 Find other related forms of the word and mark their part of speech. n, (C) economic adj economically adv n (C/U), v expenditure n (U) expensive adj n (C/U), v financial adj industry n (C/U) adj industrialization n (U) v investor n (C) investment n (C/U)

  19. F Complete the table on the right. 9.1 Vocabulary 1 Mark the nouns in the first column as countable (C), uncountable (U) or both. 2 Find other related forms of the word and mark their part of speech. adj nation n (C) nationalization n (U) v privatization n (U) privatized adj n (C/U), v profitability n (U) profitable adj regional adj n (C) regionalized adj n (C/U) trader n (C) trading n (C)

  20. 9.2 Listening A Study the slide on the right. 1 Make a list of questions that you expect the lecturer to answer. 2 Read the notes and the review questions in the student notes below. What information is missing? See Skills bank.

  21. Skills bank Using the Cornell note-taking system There are many ways to take notes from a lecture. One method was developed by Walter Pauk at Cornell University, USA. The system involves Five Rs. record Take notes during the lecture. reduce After the lecture, turn the notes into one- or two-word questions or ‘cues’ which will help you remember the key information. recite Say the questions and answers aloud. reflect Decide on the best way to summarize the key information in the lecture. review Look again at the key words and the summary (and do this regularly).

  22. 9.2 Listening B Listen to Part 1 of the lecture. 1 Complete the Notes section below. 2 Complete the Summary section. 3 Answer the Review questions. 请将本单元的音频和此PPT放在一个单独的文件夹内，点击小喇叭即可播放音频。（下同）

  23. 9.2 Listening B Listen to Part 1 of the lecture. 1 Complete the Notes section below.

  24. 9.2 Listening B Listen to Part 1 of the lecture. 2 Complete the Summary section. Summary Developing countries can be roughly defined as those below the two ‘high-income’ World Bank categories – c. 82% of world’s countries. Banking institutions in the developing world are divided into everyday commercial banks and multilateral banks which provide support for economic development.

  25. B Listen to Part 1 of the lecture. 9.2 Listening 3 Answer the Review questions.

  26. C Study the phrases in column 1 of box a. Listen to some sentences from the lecture. Which type of information in column 2 follows each phrase? 9.2 Listening

  27. C Study the phrases in column 1 of box a. Listen to some sentences from the lecture. Which type of information in column 2 follows each phrase? 9.2 Listening an idea the speaker may not agree with banking structures in the developing countries are not that different … information about a point the speaker will make later these tend to have a different emphasis an idea the speaker may or may not agree with the World Bank, the world’s countries can be classified into five income-based categories a statement the speaker agrees with a major point of division can be identified between high-income countries, and the others a conclusion what we’re focusing on is the banking arrangements that exist for the other – approximately 82% – of the world’s countries

  28. D Create a blank Cornell diagram. Listen to Part 2 of the lecture. 9.2 Listening 1 Complete the Notes section. 2 Complete the Review and Summary sections. 3 Were your questions in Exercise A answered?

  29. D Create a blank Cornell diagram. Listen to Part 2 of the lecture. 9.2 Listening

  30. D Create a blank Cornell diagram. Listen to Part 2 of the lecture. 9.2 Listening

  31. A Study the words and phrases in box a. 1 Mark the stressed syllables. 2 Listen and check your answers. 3 Which is the odd one out in each group? Why? 9.3 Extending skills

  32. A Study the words and phrases in box a. 1 'infrastructure, 'nationalized, fi'nancial (stress is on second syllable), 'merger 2 'income based, 'banking structures, 'member countries, developing 'region (stress is on second word). 3 'markets, 'regions, e'conomies (stress is on second syllable), 'countries 4 inter'national insti'tutions (two equally stressed words), multilateral 'banks, emerging 'markets, competitive 'terms 9.3 Extending skills *odd one out in italics

  33. B Study the phrases in box b. 1 Do you think the phrases show a digression (start or end) or a relevant point? Write D or R. 2 Look at the D phrases. Do they start or end the digression? 9.3 Extending skills See Skills bank.

  34. Skills bank Recognizing digressions Lecturers sometimes move away from the main point in a lecture to tell a story or an anecdote. This is called a digression. You must be able to recognize the start and end of digressions in a lecture.

  35. Skills bank Recognizing digressions Sometimes a digression is directly relevant to the content of the lecture, sometimes it has some relevance and sometimes, with a poor lecturer, it may be completely irrelevant. Sometimes the lecturer points out the relevance.

  36. Skills bank Recognizing digressions Don’t worry if you get lost in a digression. Just leave a space in your notes and ask people afterwards.

  37. B Study the phrases in box b. 1 Do you think the phrases show a digression (start or end) or a relevant point? Write D or R. 2 Look at the D phrases. Do they start or end the digression? It’s the first of these points that I’m going to focus on now … Now, where was I? By the way, … So to get back to the main topic … If we can move on now to … You don’t need to take notes on this … If we turn now to … R D (end) D (start) 9.3 Extending skills D (end) R D (start) R

  38. C Listen to the final part of the lecture from Lesson 2. 1 Take notes using the Cornell system. Leave spaces if you miss information. 9.3 Extending skills

  39. C Listen to the final part of the lecture from Lesson 2. 1 Take notes using the Cornell system. Leave spaces if you miss information. 9.3 Extending skills

  40. C Listen to the final part of the lecture from Lesson 2. 2 What topic does the lecturer mention that is different from the main subject? The Cornell note-taking system. 3 Why does the lecturer mention this topic? It’s important to know how to take good notes. 4 What is your research task? To find out about one type of commercial bank ownership in two developing countries. 9.3 Extending skills

  41. C Listen to the final part of the lecture from Lesson 2. 5 Compare your notes in pairs. Fill in any blank spaces. 6 Complete the Review and Summary sections. 9.3 Extending skills

  42. D What information does the lecturer provide about sources? Listen to the extracts and complete the table below. 9.3 Extending skills See Skills bank.

  43. Skills bank Referring to other people’s ideas We often need to talk about the ideas of other people in a lecture or a tutorial. We normally give the name of the writer, and/or the name of the source. We usually introduce the reference with a phrase; we may quote directly, or we may paraphrase an idea.

  44. D What information does the lecturer provide about sources? Listen to the extracts and complete the table below. Heffernan Heffernan Walter Pauk Modern Banking paperback edition 2005 Modern Banking paperback edition 2005 How to Study in College 8th edition 2004 thefreedictionary.com 9.3 Extending skills Web core text core text University Library direct quotation indirect quotation/ paraphrase name of book direct quotation the benefits and costs of foreign ownership of banks Cornell note-taking system foreign direct investment banking crisis in the 1980s and 1990s As Heffernan states… I suggest you look at As Heffernan points out… A definition of …given in …

  45. E Use your notes to write 75–100 words about foreign direct investment. 9.3 Extending skills

  46. F Work in groups. Study the three types of commercial bank ownership in developing countries (see box c). Choose one type and then discuss these questions. 1 What kind of information will you need to find? 2 What ideas do you have already? 3 Where can you go to find more information? 9.3 Extending skills

  47. F Work in groups. Study the three types of commercial bank ownership in developing countries (see box c). Choose one type and then discuss these questions. Possible answers: 1 Information to find: What is the definition (ownership rule) for each type of bank in the chosen developing country? 3 Use subject course books, the library and the Internet to find out the necessary information. 9.3 Extending skills

  48. A Look at the words in the box. Identify their stress patterns. 9.4 Extending skills private reserves enterprise evasion, requirements economic privatization, nationalization accountability

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