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SURVIVAL EDUCATION DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

SURVIVAL EDUCATION DISASTER PREPAREDNESS. SURVIVAL EDUCATION. MAN MADE. NATURAL. ACCIDENTS. TERRORISM. MAN MADE. Weapon of Mass Destruction “WMD”. NUCLEAR CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL. NUCLEAR WARFARE. In August 1945 the United States of America

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SURVIVAL EDUCATION DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

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  1. SURVIVAL EDUCATION DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

  2. SURVIVAL EDUCATION MAN MADE NATURAL ACCIDENTS TERRORISM

  3. MAN MADE Weapon of Mass Destruction “WMD” NUCLEAR CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL

  4. NUCLEAR WARFARE In August 1945 the United States of America dropped the first Atomic Bomb. The Nuclear Countries: - United States - United Kingdom - France - Russia - China - India - Pakistan

  5. TYPES OF THERMAL NUCLEAR BURST AIR BURST: An Air Burst is where the fire ball does not touch the ground. An Air Burst causes the greatest destruction. SURFACE BURST: A Surface Burst is where the fireball touches the ground and causes the most radioactive fallout. HIGH ALTITUDE BURST: A High Altitude Burst is detonated high in the atmosphere and is designed to knock out communications. SUB-SURFACE BURST: A Sub-Surface Burst is detonated under the earths surface and is used for testing.

  6. NUCLEAR TREATIES SALT I AND II: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks START: Strategic Arms Reduction Talks Nota Bene: The START talks were begun under President Regan’s administration and were very much part of the Cold War political maneuverings. President Bush (USA) and President Putin (Russia) have signed an historic arms reduction treaty which slashes existing nuclear stockpiles by two-thirds, the largest ever cut in their nuclear arsenals.

  7. THE EFFECTS OF A THERMAL NUCLEAR EXPLOSION BLAST EFFECT: The Blast Effect is that violent change above and/or below the normal atmospheric pressure. THERMAL RADIATION: Thermal Radiation is the heat from the fireball sending out visible, ultraviolet, and infrared rays. INITIAL RADIATION: Initial Radiation is the total amount of radiation given off within the first minute of the explosion. RESIDUAL RADIATION: Residual Radiation is also known as Radioactive Fallout. When a Surface Burst touches the ground it causes radioactive particles to go up into the atmosphere in a cloud, and as the prevailing winds blow the cloud across the country side these radioactive particles fall back to the earth like rain.

  8. TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT ALPHA RADIATION: Alpha particles have little penetrating ability and can be stopped by a sheet of paper. Alpha Radiation contamination is dangerous if it is taken into the body. BETA RADIATION: Beta particles travel further then Alpha particles and can be stopped by heavy layers of clothing. Beta particles on exposed skin can cause severe Beta burns and are very dangerous if taken into the body. GAMMA RADIATION: Gamma particles have the highest penetrating capability, travel the greatest distances, and are the most dangerous.

  9. RADIATION CALCULATIONS RADIAC: A Radiac is an instrument used to detect and measure radiation. DOSE: A Dose is the total amount of ionizing radiation received during a single radiological experience. ROENTGEN: A Roentgen is a word and/or term used to quantify/measure a dose of radiation. HALF LIFE: The Half Life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes a radioactive substance to decay to ½ of it’s mass.

  10. CD V-715 RADIAC CDV-750 Dosimeters Set

  11. Potential Radioactive Fallout Across the Continental United States

  12. Going through personal decontamination Radiological detection team taking radiological readings

  13. RADIATION CALCULATIONS (FORMULAS) The Formula to determine radiation dose: (R1+R2)T ---------------- - PF = Dose 2 The Formula to determine Fallout arrival: T= D/S

  14. CHEMICAL WARFARE

  15. CHEMICAL WARFARE HISTORICAL FACTS Both the Hague Convention of 1890 and the Geneva Convention of 1920 outlawed the use of Chemical Warfare. Germany was the first country to use chemical weapons in 1915 in the Ypres, Belgium during World War I. This attack caught the Allied armies by complete surprise. Never again would such an attack have such a devastating result. The Allies retaliated and deadly chemical munitions become a part of trench warfare. In 1917 Germany introduced Mustard Gas with horrific results. Russia lost over 55,000 dead as a result of chemical warfare. Prior to World War II Germany had developed SOMAN. A very deadly Nerve agent, but never used it as a weapon of war.

  16. CHEMICAL WARFARE HISTORICAL FACTS CONTINUED The Italian Army used chemical weapons against the Ethiopians as a prelude to World War II causing many casualties. At the end of World War II the Soviet Union captured much of the German chemical warfare technology and developed very powerful chemical weapons as a part of their army’s doctrine (How they fight). Until the end of the Cold War the former Soviet Union lead the World in the production of Chemical Munitions. Iran and Iraq are among the third world countries who have developed a Chemical warfare capability. Seddam Hussein used Chemical Weapons against his own Iraq Kurds with horrific results. His chemical arsenal threatened the allied armies during the Gulf War, and his chemical arsenal are still under suspension. Hussein’s resistance to agree upon inspection have given rise to United States military action.

  17. CHEMICAL MUNITIONS NERVE AGENTS: Nerve Agents attack the central nervous system causing exposed people to shake violently and die. In a lethal dose of nerve agents 7-9 seconds would be all that it would take to cause death. - Soman, Sarin, and Tabin are all kinds of nerve agents. - The antidote for a nerve agent is atropine. BLISTER AGENTS: Blister Agents cause inflammation and general destruction of the tissues of the body. They are very insidious in nature and often their victims are unaware of their presence.

  18. CHEMICAL MUNITIONS CONTINUED: BLOOD AGENTS: Blood Agents cause the body’s tissue to suffocate and die due to a lack of oxygen. CHOKING AGENTS: Choking Agents cause a fullness in the chest and lungs where the victims suffocates and dies due to a lack of oxygen. INCAPACITATING AGENTS:Incapacitating Agents produce psychological or mental effects that prevent exposed persons from performing simple tasks. VOMITING AGENTS: Vomiting Agents irritate and bring on vomiting. (Mix Weapon) TEAR AGENTS: Tear Agents irritate the eyes and respiratory tract. They are use for civil disturbances and training.

  19. METHODS OF DELIVERY • OVERTLY: • Bomb • Artillery • Rocket • Missile COVERTLY: • Sabotage such as poisoning a water supply.

  20. CHEMICAL MUNITION FORMS AND CHARTERISTICS • FORMS: • Solid • Liquid • Gas CHARACTERISTICS: • Persistent • Non-Persistent

  21. BIOLOGICAL WARFARE Biological agents have been used throughout history. In early times it involved throwing bodies contaminated with diseases such as the plague over the walls of castles to spread the plague throughout the city or poisoning a water well with a decaying animal. Some weapons which are believed to be in modern biological arsenals are: Small Pox, Anthrax, Botulism toxin, Ebola, Ricin, and many others. Biological Weapons are very insidious with horrific results which can spread over wide geographic areas within days.

  22. Anthrax Ebola Virus Small Pox

  23. NATURAL DISASTER • TROPICAL STORMS: Tropical Storms such as Cyclones, Typhoons, and Hurricanes are all the same but are called different names depending on their location. For example, a Tropical Strom in the Pacific Ocean or China Sea would be called a Typhoon. • HURRICANE ANDREW: Took place on 24 August 1992 in south Florida and Louisiana and was the most costly disaster of the last century costing over $20.6 billion. • TYPHOON IKE: Happened on 2-3 September 1984 and hit seven islands of the Philippines leaving 1300 dead. • A Cyclone on 30 April 1991 in south eastern Bangladesh killed 131,000 people, left 9 million homeless, and thousands of survivors died from hunger and water borne diseases.

  24. Hurricane and the eye

  25. A tsunani begins with an undersea earthquake, , , and/or . Water is displaced which produces a wave. Slowing as it enters shallow water the waves begin to pile up and may rise to over 100 feet.

  26. Tsunani Damage

  27. Tsumani Damage

  28. Tsumani Damage

  29. NATURAL DISASTERS CONTINUED • TORNADO: The Great Tri State Tornado of 18 March 1925 hit the States of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana and killed 695. There were eight additional tornadoes in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama that day which raised the death total to 792. • EARTHQUAKE and TIDAL WAVE: On 27 March 1964 80 Miles east of Anchorage, Alaska was the site of the strongest Quake to ever hit North America. It then caused a seismic wave 50’ high which traveled 8,445 miles at a speed of 450 mile per hour killing 117. • FLOODS: In June, July, and August 1993 the Mississippi River and it’s tributaries flooded 10 states causing 50 deaths, 70,000 homeless, and $12 billion in damage. • VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS: In 79 A.D. Mt. VESUVIUS in Italy buried the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum killing thousands.

  30. WOW! Auntie EM This is Serious Stuff

  31. Haitian Earthquake

  32. Haitian Earthquake

  33. Earth Quake Rods of Charleston South Carolina

  34. Richter scale , measure of the magnitude of seismic waves from an earthquake , devised in 1935 by the American seismologist Charles F. Richter (1900-1985). Seismograph A measuring instrument for detecting and measuring the intensity and direction and duration of movements of the ground (as an earthquake).

  35. Types of seismic waves • Body waves • P-wavesPrimary, pressure, push-pullTravel fastest of the seismic wavesTravel through solids and liquids • S-wavesSecondary, shaking, shear, side-to-sideTravel through solids only

  36. Results Mt Vesuvius 79AD Mt. Vesuvius Eruption 1944

  37. NATURAL DISASTER CONTINUED • ICE STORMS: During the 1990s there were two major ice storms which threatened Northern New York. Power lines and other utilities were out. • SNOW STORMS: Have always been a threat to upstate New Yorkers. Perhaps the Largest snow storms occurred in 1966. • MICRO BURST: Hit Onondaga County as part of the Labor day storm and caused major utility outages.

  38. Storms Ice Snow

  39. GREAT ACCIDENTS • FIRE: The Great Chicago fire of October 1871 cause over 17,450 buildings to be lost, $196 Million in damage, and 250 people were killed. • EXPLOSION: In 1947 at Texas City Texas when the French freighter Grand Camp, which was loaded with Ammonium Nitrate exploded killing 516 people and injuring 3,000. • NUCLEAR: On 26 April 1986 in Chernobyl, (Near Kiev USSR), an explosion and fire in the graphite core of a nuclear power plant released radioactive material and spread it over the Soviet Union and Europe. There were 31 people known to be killed in this nuclear accident. Other casualties are unknown but estimates run into the thousands.

  40. The Great Chicago Fire 8th, 9th, and 10th October 1871

  41. Chernobyl Disaster

  42. Chernobyl Disaster Monument

  43. Texas City Texas 1947

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