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Embedded Linux

Embedded Linux. Sandeep Sirpatil Graduate Student University of North Carolina Charlotte Feb 7, 2005. Contents:. What is Linux? What is an Embedded OS ? Features of Embedded OS. Flavors of Embedded OS. Features Linux Development tools Market and applications. What is Linux?.

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Embedded Linux

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  1. Embedded Linux Sandeep Sirpatil Graduate Student University of North Carolina Charlotte Feb 7, 2005

  2. Contents: • What is Linux? • What is an Embedded OS ? • Features of Embedded OS. • Flavors of Embedded OS. • Features Linux • Development tools • Market and applications

  3. What is Linux? • Red Hat, Debian or Suse? • GNU software? • Gnome , KDE or Ximian?

  4. Linux is … • Linux refers to the kernel maintained by Linus Torvalds and distributed under the same name • The current version of kernel is 2.6

  5. What makes a good Embedded OS ? • Modular • Configurable • Scalable • Wide CPU support • Device Drivers • Small size • Etc…

  6. Real Time in OS • The ability of the operating system to provide a required level of service in a bounded response time. – POSIX standard 1003.1 • Hard & Soft Real Time.

  7. What makes a good RTOS? • Multi-threaded and pre-emptible • Must support predictable thread synchronization mechanisms • A system of priority inheritance must exist

  8. VxWorks pSOS QNX Integrity Palm OS Symbian OS Embedded XP Pocket PC Linux Some Embedded OS flavors

  9. Commercial Embedded Linux & RTOS • MontaVista Linux • Lineo - Embedix • Neoware - NeoLinux • Red Hat Embedded Linux • FSMLabs - Open RT Linux • LynuxWorks - BlueCat RT • TimeSys - Linux/Real-Time

  10. Open source Embedded Linux & RTOS • ART Linux • KURT • Embedded Debian Project • uCLinux – For CPU’s without MMU • RTAI • Etc.

  11. Special features of Linux • Source code freely available • Robust and reliable • Modular, configurable, scalable • Good support for Networking • No runtime licenses • Large pool of skilled developers • Free software and tools

  12. Core features of Linux • CPU support (x86, ARM, PowerPC, MIPS,Etc. ) • Busses & Interfaces ( ISA, PCI, PCMCA, VME, Parallel, SCSI, USB, IEEE1394, I2C) • I/O (Keyboard, mouse, Display) • Storage (ATA-ATAPI, DiskOnChip, CFI, RAM, ROM) • File Systems (JFFS, FAT, EXT, NFS, Etc.) • Networking (Ethernet, IrDa, 802.11x)

  13. Architecture of Linux

  14. RTLinux • A “hard real-time” mini operating system • runs Linux as it’s lowest priority execution thread • Linux thread completely preemptible • Real time threads and interrupt handlers never delayed by non-realtime operations • Supports user level programming

  15. RTLinux Architecture

  16. Development tools • Compiler, assembler, linker, etc.. • Commercial • Open Source.

  17. Open Source Tool chain • Kernel headers • gcc – Compiler • binutils – assembler,linker,debugger etc.. • glibc – Libraries • Patches if any

  18. Package version combinations

  19. Applications • Industrial Controllers • Mobiles, PDA, Media Centers. • Telecomm and Networking Hardware • Automobile Computers • Robotics • Vision Systems • Etc.

  20. The Embedded OS market 2004 Market Survey done by www.linuxdevices.com

  21. Linux choices - 2004

  22. Some hiccups… • Competing and/or lacking standards • No formalized qualification testing • GPL license issues • Lack of hardware device drivers

  23. References • http://www.linuxdevices.com • http://www.embedded-linux.org • http://embedded.linuxjournal.com • http://embedded.com • “Building Embedded Linux Systems” – Karim Yaghmour • Etc.

  24. Thank you!

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