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The Characteristics of Living Things

The Characteristics of Living Things. The Characteristics of Living Things. Great Complexity & Cellular Organization Reproduction & Development Responds with the Environment Metabolism Capacity for growth Homeostasis Heredity Evolution (Adaptation). The Hierarchy of Life. Atoms

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The Characteristics of Living Things

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  1. The Characteristics of Living Things

  2. The Characteristics of Living Things • Great Complexity & Cellular Organization • Reproduction & Development • Responds with the Environment • Metabolism • Capacity for growth • Homeostasis • Heredity • Evolution (Adaptation)

  3. The Hierarchy of Life • Atoms • Molecules • Organelles • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Organ Systems • Organisms • Populations • Communities • Ecosystems • Biosphere

  4. Some Elements

  5. Simple Inorganic Molecules • Water (H2O) • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • Molecular Oxygen (O2) • Ammonium (NH3) • Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

  6. Biological Compounds Categories: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

  7. Cell Organelles nucleus smooth ER mitochondria rough ER golgi

  8. Cells Nerve cell Osteocyte Muscle cell Blood cell

  9. Levels of Body Organization

  10. DNA molecule carbon atom organelle cell tissue biosphere ecosystem organ organ system community organism population Levels of Sturctural Organization

  11. Prokaryotic Cell

  12. Eukaryotic Animal Cell

  13. Eukaryotic Plant Cell

  14. Classification: Six kingdom system : Eubacteria Archaebacteria E. coli Cyanobacteria Protista Paramecium Diatom Slime mold Plantae Fungi Animalia

  15. Asexual Reproduction Coral polyp budding

  16. Sexual Reproduction

  17. Development

  18. Both Sexual & Asexual

  19. Interaction with the environment • Living things interact with each other and with the environment • Ecology – the study of these interactions • Hawaiian Monk seals eat fish • Humans eat fish • What if something happened to the fish?

  20. Interaction with the Environment

  21. Metabolism • The sum total of the chemical processes that occur in living organisms, resulting in growth, production of energy, elimination of waste material, etc. • Anabolism- build up of complex molecules • Catabolism- break down of complex molecules

  22. Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy

  23. Photosynthesis 6H2O + 6CO2 + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2

  24. Growth • Organisms require a source of food to provide energy for growth

  25. Autotrophs • Organisms that make their own food (like plants, some protists, and some bacteria) • Plants capture energy from the sun, use water and carbon dioxide to make sugars and starches Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis

  26. Heterotrophs • Organisms that take in food to meet their energy needs • Animals must consume autotrophs (plants), and other heterotrophs to meet their energy needs

  27. Homeostasis • Maintenance of constant internal conditions in varying environments • Adaptation of organisms to specific environments

  28. Homeostasis Three big problems • Obtaining energy and nutrients • Maintaining temperature • Obtaining and holding onto water

  29. Body Temperature Regulation

  30. Temperature Control Ectotherms (Poikilotherms) • Generate body heat metabolically, but cannot maintain constant internal body temperature • Body temperature mimics the surrounding environment

  31. Ectotherms • Most ectotherms regulate their body temperature by • basking • moving between shade/sun • being active at certain times of day

  32. Temperature Control Endotherms (homeothermic) • Generate body heat metabolically and body temperature does not match the temperature of the surrounding environment • These organisms retain metabolic heat and can control metabolism to maintain a constant internal temperature

  33. Heredity • Transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring • Instructions from parent to offspring are passed on in the form of genes

  34. DNA Contains information for almost all cell activities

  35. Heritable variations Banding pattern Dwarfism Eye color Beak Depth Blood type

  36. Evolution Change in the genetic composition of a population through time

  37. Mechanisms Contributing to Evolutionary Change • Production of heritable variations • Natural Selection • Chance

  38. Adaptations The structural, functional, and behavioral features that contribute to the success of a species.

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