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Stress Management for Life

H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014. Stress Management for Life. Chapter 4 The Mind/Body Connection. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014. Opening Questions. How do my thoughts and feelings change my physical condition ?.

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Stress Management for Life

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  1. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Stress Management for Life Chapter 4 The Mind/Body Connection

  2. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Opening Questions How do my thoughts and feelings change my physical condition? Why do I get sick after I go through a stressful time? What is the placebo effect and does it really work?

  3. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Student Objectives Describe the role of stress in disease Discuss how stress can affect body systems including cardiovascular, nervous, digestive, and immune systems

  4. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Student Objectives Explain the concept of psychoneuroimmunology Explain the placebo effect as an example of the power of the mind over the body

  5. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 The Mind/Body Connection What is going on in your mind determineswhat is happening in your body

  6. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Psychological Health Encompasses both our emotional and mental health Psychologically healthy people develop awareness and control over their thoughts and feelings

  7. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Psychological Health A complex physiological process, the stress response, always starts with a single thought!

  8. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Impact of Stress - 70-80% of all visits to healthcare providers are forstress-related and stress induced illnesses - Stress contributes to 50% of all illnesses in the U.S. - The cost of job stress in the U.S. is estimated to be $200 billion annually FYI • Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2000(Hyattsville, MD: Public Health Service).

  9. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 The Role of Chronic Stress in Disease “Healthy People 2010” reports the continuing trend that health problems related to stress are among the most pressing concerns in public health

  10. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Direct and Indirect Effects of Chronic Stress Stress can impact health either directly by way of physiological changes in the body, or indirectly through a change in the person’s behavior

  11. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Allostatic Load The cumulative physiological wear and tear on the body that results from ongoing adaptive efforts to maintain homeostasis in response to stressors

  12. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Medium Chronic Stress Effects of Medium-Term Chronic Stress Muscle tension and pain Headaches Fatigue Upset Stomach Difficulty Sleeping Cold or Sore Throat

  13. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Research Highlight The Cold, Hard Facts • Psychologist Sheldon Cohen’s research found: • - Happy, relaxed people are more resistant to illness than those who tend to be unhappy or tense

  14. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Research Highlight • - Serious work-related/personal stress that lasts at least a month increases the chances of catching a cold • - Rates of respiratory infection/colds increased with the extent of psychological stress the person had experienced in the previous year • Source: “Psychological Stress and Susceptibility to the Common Cold,” by S. Cohen, D. Tyrrell, and A. Smith, New England Journal of Medicine, 325 (1991): 606–612.

  15. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Stressful events that cause the release of certain hormones can make you forget things you know you should know FYI

  16. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Role of the Immune System More antibodies to fight infection on positive days, less antibodies to fight infection on rough days

  17. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Long-Term Chronic Stress Stress and the Heart Mental stress increases oxygen demand because of elevated blood pressure and heart rate Vascular resistance and coronary artery constriction decrease blood supply

  18. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Long-Term Chronic Stress Stress and the Heart Blood tends to clot more easily Chronically high levels of cortisol may affect cardiac health by promoting inflammation that causes heart attacks

  19. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Long-Term Chronic Stress Stress and the Immune System Stress hinders the immune system’s ability to produce and maintain lymphocytes and natural killer cells

  20. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Long-Term Chronic Stress Stress and Aging Prolonged stress can age people prematurely Cells of people under high stress aged to equivalent of 9 to 17 years more than the cells of people under little stress

  21. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Research Highlight Chronic Stress and Immunity 119 men and women who were dealing with the stress of caring for a spouse with dementia compared with 106 men and women of similar age and health status who did not serve as caregivers

  22. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Research Highlight • Results: • Blood tests showed a dramatic increase of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the caregivers compared to the non-caregivers • Overproduction of IL-6 has been associated with the development or progression of a number of medical conditions

  23. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Research Highlight • Results: • Increased levels of IL-6 persisted for several years even after spouse of caregivers had died • Suggests that stress may increase the risk of many typical age-associated diseases by altering immune response Source: Chronic Stress and Age-related Increases in the ProinflammatoryCytokine IL-6, by J. Kiecolt-Glaser, K. Preacher, R. MacCallum, C. Atkinson, W. Malarkey, and R. Glaser, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences (USA), July 2, 2003.

  24. Caregiver Stress • AARP • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdirZCdApQg • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pOGez_AmDY

  25. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Long-Term Chronic Stress Stress and Inflammation Chronic inflammation plays a role in diseases from cancer to depression to Alzheimer’s Stress is proving to be a key player

  26. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Long-Term Chronic Stress Stress and Inflammation Fat cells that accumulate near organs in the abdominal cavity respond to stress hormones you produce when you’re frazzle or overtired by producing their own chemicals

  27. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Long-Term Chronic Stress Stress and Inflammation Cortisol binds to receptors on these fat cells, setting off a process that promotes the storage of fat and increases the number of fat cells These extra cells then produce more chemicals that increase inflammation

  28. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 How the Mind and Body Communicate Psychosomatic Illness – conditions that have a mind and body component

  29. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 The Placebo Effect Placebo effect – a phenomenon created by a person’s belief that he or she will benefit from an intervention

  30. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) Seeks to understand the complex communications between and among the nervous system, the psyche, and the immune system, and their implications for health

  31. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 In Class Activity Body Signals With a Partner: Think about a health concern your or someone you know might be experiencing right now. - What is the condition? - How is stress related to the problem? I will select a few groups from each row to present

  32. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Key Points Psychophysiological conditions have a mind and body component that is supported by science Chronic stress is a contributing factor to many illnesses and diseases Medium-term stress results in an array of unhealthy signs and symptoms

  33. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Key Points Long-term stress may result in serious health problems Conditions that have a mind and body component are called psychosomatic or psychophysiological The placebo effect demonstrates the power of the mind on the body

  34. H180: Stress Prevention & Management Wednesday, 9/11/2014 Key Points Psychoneuroimmunology is the field of study that seeks to understand the complex communications between the nervous system, the psyche, and the immune system, and their implications for health

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