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El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction. Atmospheric conditions: Typical vs. “Southern Oscillation”. North East Trades. Indonesian low. ITCZ. High. Equator. upwelling. South East Trades. South Pacific High. 130 o E. 70 o W. High. ITCZ. Equator.

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El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

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  1. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction

  2. Atmospheric conditions: Typical vs. “Southern Oscillation” North East Trades Indonesian low ITCZ High Equator upwelling South East Trades South Pacific High 130oE 70oW High ITCZ Equator Low pressure No upwelling South Pacific High 130oE 70oW

  3. Ocean Response to Atmospheric Conditions Typical Conditions Phytoplankton thriving in the upwelling along the equator show up as a thin, light blue band. The high phytoplankton concentration induced by upwelling along the South American coast support one of the world’s richest fisheries. West Equator East Thermocline

  4. Ocean Response to Atmospheric Conditions ENSO Conditions Sea level drops Equator Easterlies weaken Surface water surges eastward along equator Sea level rises Thermocline rises Upwelling decreases Thermocline plunges

  5. Biological Consequences of ENSO

  6. Satellite Remote Sensing Typical Conditions

  7. Satellite Remote Sensing ENSO Conditions

  8. Global Weather Responses to ENSO Christmas Island Christmas Island

  9. US Weather Responses to ENSO

  10. Long-Term Effects of ENSO

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