MC Practice and Chapter 11 Essentials

1. MC Practice and Chapter 11 Essentials 8 November 2010

2. Clay’s Whig Party was founded to • Support immigration rights. • Encourage the expansion of slavery. • Oppose the politics of Andrew Jackson. • Protect the interest of farmers. • Lower tariffs on imported goods.

3. Andrew Jackson’s two presidential terms were marked by • The abolition of slavery. • An increase in the power of the federal government. • The demise of the two-party system. • A weakened executive branch. • Large-scale Native American rebellions.

4. The “nullies” led by John C. Calhoun were concerned with • The spread of slavery westward. • The admission of free territories into the Union. • Jackson’s overzealous use of the veto. • The massive influx of immigrants. • Extremely high protective tariffs.

5. Andrew Jackson’s Indian Removal Act was spurred by • Raids on white settlements in Georgia and Mississippi. • His desire to exterminate the Native Americans. • Continued white expansion into tribal homelands. • The threat of foreign nations joining forces with tribes. • A need to clear the way for the expansion of slavery.

6. Andrew Jackson’s vision of expanded democracy is best illustrated by which of the following? • The Force Bill • The BUS veto • The Indian Removal Act • The Specie Circular • The South Carolina Exposition

7. Many leaders opposed Clay’s American System on the basis that • The country did not have enough funding to pay for such services. • Federal funds should not be used to pay for internal improvements in states. • The South was benefiting more than the North. • Secret land deals threatened the authority of the federal government. • Expansionists sought to keep growth controlled.

8. The United States in 1850 • Included a free black population that lived mostly in the North. • Had very few Americans still working in agriculture. • Had a frontier that began west of the Mississippi River. • Had few Native American tribes still in existence. • Included a large working class that was protected by the federal government.

9. Many abolitionists regarded William Lloyd Garrison as radical because he • Believed in the gradual abolition of slavery. • Advocated the use of the Constitution as a weapon against slavery. • Accepted the participation of women in his movement. • Wished to send emancipated slaves back to Africa. • Refused to engage in the political process.

10. Oneida, Brook Farm, and the Mormons are all examples of • Religious cults. • Protestant revival sects. • Reform parties. • Utopian experiments. • Abolitionist societies.

11. The “Cult of Domesticity” referred to • The expanding influence of women outside the home. • Communal societies devoted to domestic perfection. • Religious beliefs in perfectibility. • A woman’s role as homemaker and mother. • The limiting of alcohol consumption in the home.

12. Changing the Role of Women in Antebellum America

13. Characteristics of the Women’s Movement • Led by middle-class women • Broad-based platform of legal and educational rights • Closely linked with anti-slavery and temperance movements • Conventions in NE and Midwest but not in the S

14. Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 • Organized and led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott • “Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions”—”We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal.”

15. Seneca Falls • Called for • W’s suffrage • W’s right to retain property after marriage • Greater divorce and child custody rights • Equal educational opportunities • Did NOT call for • More liberal abortion laws • Equal pay for equal work

16. Dorothea Dix • Worked to reform treatment of people with mental and emotional disabilities • NOT involved in women’s rights movement

17. Abolition and Abolitionists: Second Great Awakening • Charles Finney • Lyman Beecher • Greatest success in central and western NY—the “burned-over district” because of fervent prayer meetings • Morality and slavery

18. American Colonization Society • Remember?

19. William Lloyd Garrison • The Liberator • American Anti-Slavery Society • Called for “immediate and uncompensated emancipation of slaves” (1831) • “Let Southern oppressors tremble… I will be as harsh as Truth and as uncompromising as Justice… I am in earnest—I will not retreat a single inch—and I WILL BE HEARD!” • Support of W’s rights  AASS split into factions

20. Frederick Douglass • Most prominent Black abolitionist in antebellum period • Equal rights for W and Native Americans • “I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong.”

21. Sarah Moore Grimke • Abolition and W’s rights • “I ask no favor for my sex. I surrender not our claim to equality. All I ask of our brethren is that they will take their feet off our necks.”

22. Transcendentalism • Philosophical and literary movement of 1800s—emphasized living a simple life while celebrating the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination • Henry David Thoreau • Ralph Waldo Emerson

23. Utopian Communities • Shared faith in perfectionism—belief that humans have the capacity to achieve a better life through conscious acts of will • Strove to escape competitiveness of American life, regulate moral behavior, and create cooperative lifestyles

24. Cultural Advances: Education • Newspapers! • McGuffey Readers (aka Eclectic Readers) most popular school books in 19th century • Stories, poems, essays, speeches supporting patriotism and moral values

26. Horace Mann • State Representative and Senator in _______ legislature • 1837—first Secretary of State Board of Education • Normal schools (teacher training), state and local funding for public education, compulsory education laws, libraries

27. Hudson River School • Group of artists led by Thomas Cole • Painted landscapes emphasizing America’s natural beauty • First coherent school of art

28. Asher Durand, Kindred Spirits