Environmental Technology ChimH409 (2-0-1)

1. Welcome @ Bruface Universite Libre de Bruxelles Dept Water Pollution Control Environmental Technology ChimH409(2-0-1) Michel Verbanck mikeverb@ulb.ac.be 2015

2. A follow-up to the course: Environmental Pollution (ChimH302) • Presented the main environmental issues • with a chemistry viewpoint • with a relatively wide perspective regarding intervention strategies • crossing all three environmental compartments

5. Course structure Part 1. Introduction (incl. generic methods) Part 2. Air pollution control engineering Part 3. Water & wastewater treatment Part 4. Solid and hazardous wastes

9. access to the course slides through the Dept Web page: Password: Depoll13

10. Universite Libre de Bruxelles Dept Water Pollution Control Environmental Technology Technical visits Delegates: please provide your coordinates

11. Universite Libre de Bruxelles School of Bioscience Engineering (EIB) Environmental Technology, followed by:Environmental engineering: current methods & practices ChimH422 (5 credits)

12. Part 1. Introduction, methods, toolboxes • brief overview of earlier course (compartments, scales, sustainable development & resources) • materials balance analysis: its relevance in environmental diagnostic • an introduction to industrial ecology: Kalundborg, DK • main principles of green engineering (green design) • Life-cycle-analysis (LCA / Ecobilan) • the spinash cannery example: exposed to stringent environmental regulations

16. Separation and recovery of Aluminum using magnetic eddy currents Foucault currents arise when there is relative motion between a conductor and a magnet. The repelling force created by the eddy currents moves Al and Cu metals away from the conveyor, while all the other (non-electrically conductive) materials drop off by gravity at the end of the conveyor.

17. Let’s now consider the entire ‘life’ of a product

18. Life-Cycle-Analysis (LCA / Ecobilan)

20. Virtual water The water footprint of a country is defined as the volume of water used for the production of the goods and services consumed by the inhabitants of the country. Study shows that both Morocco and the Netherlands import more water in virtual form (in the form of water-intensive agricultural commodities) than they export, which makes them dependent on water resources elsewhere in the world. Hoekstra & Chapagain - Ecological Economics (2007) 143–151.

22. mixed residential-industrial site: Kalundborg (Denmark)

23. an introduction to industrial ecology: Kalundborg, Denmark

27. new water input wastewater Pre-treatment Diversion of regained water wastewater collected Regeneration Post-treatment discharge to surface water discharge to sewer Water management in a modern car-wash facility

28. Counter-CurrentWashing • Principle: The cleanest product is washed with the cleanest water and the most contaminated product is washed with the dirtiest water. • The system leads to huge savings in water use. • It also allows to reduce costs in wastewater treatment implementation. • Note: in environmental engineering DILUTION is generally one of your most worrying enemies. Material Flow Water Flow

31. dry cleaning of textiles can be performed using supercritical CO2 as a solvent (instead of highly-polluting perchloroethylene) Merits: has the density and the solvant capacity of a liquid; but has viscosity, and importantly the diffusivity, of a gas (occupies all available volume). Critical temperature is low (31°C) -> allows thermosensitive applications Non-inflammable, no odour, chemically inert.

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36. Environmental regulations ?

37. The activity of my canning company corresponds to NACE code 15.33 (not elsewhere classified)

38. Set of local regulations WILL bewritten in the local language!

39. Sectorial norm for vegetable-processing factories (Walloon Region, 2003)

40. Annual tax due for a given wastewater discharge settled water 2hr If If toxins are present If smaller than 2000 E.H. (discharged to sewers or WWTP) or