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Roundtable for ASEAN Chief Justices on Environment Dr. Thomas Panella

Citarum River Basin and Water Resources Challenges . Roundtable for ASEAN Chief Justices on Environment Dr. Thomas Panella Principal Water Resource Specialist Asian Development Bank 7 December 2011 Jakarta, Indonesia . CITARUM AT GLANCE.

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Roundtable for ASEAN Chief Justices on Environment Dr. Thomas Panella

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  1. Citarum River Basin and Water Resources Challenges Roundtable for ASEAN Chief Justices on Environment Dr. Thomas Panella Principal Water Resource Specialist Asian Development Bank 7 December 2011 Jakarta, Indonesia

  2. CITARUM AT GLANCE • The biggest and the longest river in West Java Province • Catchment Area: • 6,614 Km2 • River basin management area:13,000 Km2 • Average rainfall: • 2,300 mm/year • Average flow: • 5.7 billon/m3/year • Citarum covers : 9 districts • (1)Kab. Bandung,(2)Kab.Bandung Barat, (3)Kab.Cianjur (4)Kab.Purwakarta, (5)Kab.Karawang, (6)Kab.Bekasi, (7)Kab.Subang , (8)Kab.Indramayu, and • (9)Kab.Sumedang • and 3 cities: • (1)Kota Bekasi, (2)Kota Bandung, • and (3)Kota Cimahi

  3. CITARUM AT GLANCE • Population along the river over 10 million • (50% Urbanand growing rapidly) • Total population in the basin: • 15,303,758 (50% Urban) (Data BPS 2009) • Total Population in West Java • 41,483,729 (Gov. West Java Statistic) • Supplies water for 80% of Jakarta citizens(16 m3/s) • Irrigated area:+300,000Ha • Reservoirs: • Saguling 982million m3 • Cirata 2,165 million m3 • Jatiluhur 3,000 million m3 • Electricity output:1,400 Mwatt Photo Doc: Cita-Citarum

  4. Specific Challenges Population Growth and Urbanization Watershed Degradation, Erosion & Sedimentation Flooding and Water-Related Disasters Excessive Groundwater Exploitation Water Pollution (industrial, domestic, organic and solid waste) Coastal Degradation Water Allocation, infrastructure and climate change Photo Doc: Cita-Citarum

  5. Watershed Degradation, Erosion and Sedimentation Photo Doc: Cita-Citarum • Solutions include: • Improved spatial planning, zoning regulation and enforcement • Conservation, land rehabilitation and reforestation • Sustainable farming practices and provision of alternative sources of livelihoods Wayang Mount Photo Doc: Cita-Citarum

  6. Severe and Recurrent Flooding Flood in DayeuhkolotKab. Bandung (Pikiran Rakyat, Friday, 19 Feb 2010)

  7. Excessive Groundwater Exploitation • Subsidence is severe and basin wide: • From 1988 more than 3-4 meter subsidence in some places • Severe impact on river hydraulics (and flooding) • Irreversible aquifer damage • Solutions include: • Improved groundwater regulation , licensing and enforcement • Ground water pricing • Groundwater recharge • Increase surface water supply especially for industry

  8. INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC POLLUTION • Solutions Include: • Improved regulation, licensing and enforcement of water quality standards • Improved monitoring • Industrial and domestic waste water treatment plants • Provision of sanitation facilities • Low cost water treatment technology • 1,500 industries in Bandung and surrounding area: • 280 ton of chemical waste dump into Citarumeveryday • Lack of sanitation and waste water treatment facilities • Water quality monitoring in the late 1990s shows that annual average of BoD concentrations as high as 300 mg/liter. Solution Include: Law enforcementIndustrial and domestic waste water treatment plantsProvision of sanitation facilities Low cost water treatment technology Photo Doc: Cita-Citarum

  9. ORGANIC WASTE 190 Tons of organic waste from farming dump into the river everyday (8,000 cows produce 24 kg of waste each) • Solutions include: • Organic fertilizer production to supply downstream farms • Biogas generation • Improved waste management Photo Doc: Cita-Citarum

  10. SOLID WASTE The annual uncollected garbage that invariably ends up accumulating in the drainage system and rivers amounts 500,000 m3/year • Solutions Include: • Improved solid waste management regulation , zoning and enforcement • Development of solid waste facilities and collection services • Recycle, Reuse, Reduce (3R) facilities • Behavioral changes Photo Doc: Cita-Citarum

  11. Citarum Tributary, Citepus river, Bale Endah, 2010

  12. Photo by: Adhi Wicaksono/Doc Cita-Citarum Ciwalengke Village, Majalaya, 2011

  13. COASTAL DEGRADATION • Coastal abrasion • Biodiversity degradation • Increased flooding • Solutions include: • Mangrove rehabilitation and improved coastal ecosystems • Flood control • Coastal protection through dykes and coastal infrastructure

  14. WATER USAGE Utilized 7,5 billion m3/year = 57,9% (Citarum ± 6 billion m3/year And other rivers ± 1.5 billion m3/year Potential for utilization ± 5,45 billion m3/year = 42,1% Urban water (local need) = 0,3% Industriy= 2,0% Drinking water For Jakarta = 6,0% Others = 5,0% Irrigation= 86,7%

  15. THREE CASCADES RESERVOIR OPERATIONS • Saguling and Cirata dams operated by Indonesia power and Juanda dam operated by PJTII • Greater coordination required • Updating of the operation procedures for flood and drought

  16. Jatiluhur reservoir, Purwakarta District, 2010 Photo by: Diella Dachlan/Doc Cita-Citarum Walahar Weir, Karawang District, 2010 Klari Weir, Karawang District, 2011 Photo by: Ng Swan Ti/Doc Cita-Citarum

  17. Asia – Water Insecurity and Climate Change

  18. THANK YOU Photo Doc: Cita-Citarum

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