Green Science

1. Green Science Energy

2. BATs Recognise that we get our energy from our food 3 Recognise Joules as unit of energy 4 Interpret information about energy content of foods 5 What is energy? When something happens an energy change happens. Look at the demos What changes are happening? What is energy?

3. Gravitational potential light Elastic/spring heat Types of energy electrical chemical sound kinetic

4. How do we measure energy? • Energy is measured in … JOULES (J) 1000 Joules = 1 kilojoule (kJ) How many kJ would there be in 2,500 J 2.5kJ

5. Where do we get our energy from? The energy we need comes from food • Look at the food labels • Find Nutritional Information – look for energy for 100g/ml of each food • Play food ‘Top Trumps’ • Which food has the most and least energy?

6. You will need: A cork with a pin!!! Boiling tube thermometer Small measuring cylinder Clamp/stand Bench mat Goggles Pieces of food Method: Set up the clamp stand Measure 25 ml water into a boiling tube. Hold boiling tube in clamp Take the temperature of the water Place a piece of food carefully on the pin Set light to the food and place under the boiling tube. Measure the temperature after the food has all burnt How much energy in food?

7. How much energy in food?

8. How much energy in food? Draw a graph of the results of your experiment OR Pick 5 foods from the labels you have looked at Draw a graph to show how much energy each food has per 100g/ml

9. Plenary • List all the things you have done today • What types of energy were involved • E.g ate breakfast – chemical energy • Walked to school - …………….energy • Have you achieved your BAT’s?

10. BATs Describe briefly what happens when a fuel burns 3 Assess the risks in doing an experiment with fuels 4 ( Evaluate which fuel is the best and why 5 Rearrange these words to reveal 5 types of energy: ieikntc lcmhceia nosud lcrcleetia isleatc Which is the best fuel? kinetic chemical sound electrical What types are missing? Sticker if you can get them!! elastic

11. nuclear wood oil Fuels peat gas Petrol/diesel coal

12. What happens when fuels burn? When fuels burn it is called COMBUSTION Fuel + _ _ _ _ _ _ carbon dioxide + _ _ _ _ _ + heat oxygen water

13. Which is the best fuel for heating water? Copy this table into your books – leave the names of the fuels for now Predict which one will be the best and why

14. PbyP You are going to do an experiment to find out which is the best fuel. What safety precautions will you need to make? Write a risk assessment for the experiment Some you may not of thought of … • Listening to advice and suggestions • Not being too overpowering or bossy! • Following instructions This can be used as a piece of work you could submit for PbyP – Managing Risks!

15. You will need: As a table choose 3 fuels to test. Work in pairs – each pair tests one fuel. Set up apparatus as in diagram Pour 20ml water into a boiling tube. Take temperature of water before heating Light fuel and heat the water for 3 minutes Take the temperature of the water again Which is the best fuel for heating water? Clamp and stand thermometer Boiling tube fuel Tin lid Goggles, stopwatch Measuring cylinder Heatproof mat

16. Which is the best fuel for heating water? Evaluating • Which fuel gave the largest rise in temperature? • Which fuel was the easiest to light? • Which was the ‘cleanest’ fuel (least soot)? Overall the best fuel for heating water is ……..…., because ………………………..

17. Plenary In your team decide how successfully.. • Your risk assessment worked • Your group completed the experiment Could you make any improvements to either of the above?

18. BATs Identify some common fossil fuels (3) Describe how fossil fuels were formed (4) Explain why fossil fuels are called non-renewable (5) Analyse some of the advantages and disadvantages of using fossil fuels (6) Starter Which of the following are not fuels? Gas Coal Heat Electricity Peat Oil nuclear Lesson 3 –How were fuels formed?

19. Which is the best fuel? 1.Which fuel is the easiest to light? 2. Which fuel burns most cleanly? What does this mean? 3. From which fuel do we get petrol? 4. Which fuel gives the most energy if one gram is burned? 5. Which fossil fuel is a solid, which is a liquid and which is a gas? 6 a Why do you think petrol is used in cars instead of coal or natural gas? b Why do you think lots of homes use natural gas for central heating instead of coal or oil?

20. Fossil Fuels Coal, oil and natural gas are examples of FOSSIL FUELS. Why do you think they are called this?

21. Fossil Fuels Coal oil and gas were formed millions of years ago from dead plants and animals. • There is a finite amount of these materials on the Earth so they will run out eventually. • Once they are used up they cannot be regenerated and used again. • These fuels are called NON-RENEWABLE energy resources Uranium is a radioactive material that is also non-renewable, but is not a fossil fuel.

22. Coal Formation Predict what happened next

23. How coal was formed About 300 million years ago, plants photosynthesized and stored the Sun’s energy. Coal Dead plants fell into swampy water and the mud stopped them from rotting away. Over the years, the mud piled up and squashed the plants. After millions of years under this pressure, the mud became rock and the plants became coal.

24. Oil formation Predict what happened next

25. How oil was formed Oil is also biological in origin. Millions of years ago tiny animals lived in the sea. Like now their ecosystem was dependent on heat and light from the Sun and photosynthesis by plants. When they died they fell into mud and sand at the bottom of the sea but didn’t rot away. Over millions of years, they got buried deeper by the mud and sand. The temperature and pressure (caused by the weight of the sediments and deep burial) changed the mud and sand into rock and the dead animals into crude oil and natural gas. This sample of crude oil was formed in Southern England. Crude oil formed in other parts of the world can be very different in appearance and viscosity.

26. How were coal and oil formed? • Read p 134-5 in the Go Science! Book • Create a story board (with notes) for how either coal or oil were formed • Try to be neat and use colour!

27. Plenary – discuss in groups How true is it to say that all our energy comes from the Sun?

29. 200ppm CO2 300ppm CO2 Greenhouse effect From air trapped in Antarctic ice, we have a good idea of CO2 concentrations going back 160,000 years. We also know the temperatures over the same period. The very warm interglacial period of 130,000 years ago was accompanied by CO2 levels of around 300 ppm. The previous great Ice Age had CO2 levels around 200 ppm. Which label goes with each picture?

30. Earth More CO2 balanced same temp Earth Greenhouse effect Heat loss Heat from sun Normally the Earth absorbs heat and emits heat at the same rate. Because of this the temperature remains constant. Certain gases, like CO2 and methane, act like a greenhouse. They let heat in but do not let it out. This means: the more CO2 there is, the hotter planet Earth is! Heat loss Heat from sun hotter And hotter! And hotter

31. Choice of Activities – can be submitted for PbyP Either • Make a powerpoint to show how Coal and/or oil was formed • Explain using powerpoint what The Greenhouse effect is and what causes it to happen (e.g. burning fossil fuels) • Explain how to reduce the effects of the Greenhouse effect and Global Warming e.g recycling, using renewable energy sources

32. Plenary • Look at someone else’s powerpoint • Suggest 1 strength of their work • Suggest one way they could improve the work • Be thoughtful and constructive please!! Holiday Homework – finish today’s powerpoint and submit it for PbyP. Merry Christmas!!!