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電腦通訊網路 (2)

電腦通訊網路 (2). IEEE 802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD). Typical CSMA/CD Network. B. D. F. 收發器. 終端器. 同軸電纜. 收發器電纜. 終端器. A. E. C. IEEE 802.3 Architecture. OSI 參考模式. CSMA/CD. 應用層. 高層通訊協定 (IP, TCP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, etc.,). 表達層. 會議層. 邏輯鏈結控制.

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電腦通訊網路 (2)

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  1. 電腦通訊網路 (2)

  2. IEEE 802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)

  3. Typical CSMA/CD Network B D F 收發器 終端器 同軸電纜 收發器電纜 終端器 A E C

  4. IEEE 802.3 Architecture OSI參考模式 CSMA/CD 應用層 高層通訊協定 (IP, TCP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, etc.,) 表達層 會議層 邏輯鏈結控制 LLC (IEEE 802.2) 傳輸層 媒介擷取控制 MAC (IEEE 802.3) 網路層 實體層訊號處理 PLS 鏈結層 AUI MAU 實體層 PMA MDI 傳輸媒介

  5. CSMA/CD Protocol • Carrier Sensebefore transmission • Carrier Sensewhile transmission • Collision: Two or more stations transmitting simultaneously • Backoff: Random delay after collision • Deference: Defers transmission if channel is sensed busy • Collision Window (Slot time): Round-trip propagation delay time plus some carrier sense time. In IEEE 802.3, this value is defined to be 51.2 us.

  6. CSMA/CD Collision Handling • Collision Signal is generated by Physical layer. • Jam signal (collision enforcement): To make sure that all stations involved in the collision will detect collision. A pattern of 32 bits. • Collision backoff and retransmission method (Truncated Binary Exponential Backoff Algorithm, BEBA): • n : number of collisions experienced (n <= 16) • k : Min (n,10) -- Truncation • r : Random delay time (unit: slot time) between 0 <= r < 2k • Slot time = 51.2 us. • Disadvantage of BEBA: • Last-in-First-out effect: Stations with no or few collisions will have a better chance to transmit before stations that have waited longer.

  7. IEEE 802.3 Frame Format 7 1 2, 6 2, 6 2 4 位元組 Preamble SFD DA SA LEN LLC PAD FCS • Preamble: (101010...1010) for Synchronization • SFD: Start Frame Delimiter (10101011) • DA: Destination Address • SA: Source Address • Length: Length of LLC-Frame • LLC-Frame: Up to 1500 bytes • PAD: Padding when LLC-Frame < 46 bytes • FCS: Frame Check Sequence (CRC-32) • MAC-frame size -- from DA to FCS • Min 64 bytes to distinguish from collision • Max 1518 bytes to prevent dominating bandwidth 15-位元地址 I/G 46-位元地址 I/G U/L I/G = 0 Individual Address (個別地址) I/G = 1 Group Address (群體地址) U/L = 0 Globally Administered Address (整體性地址) U/L = 1 Locally Administered Address (區域性地址)

  8. 接收訊框 Flow Chart 傳送訊框 開始接收 組成訊框, i=1 N Y 線上有 訊號 接收完畢 Y N 傳送訊框 Y 訊框過短 (衝撞) N Y 送出擾亂訊號 發生衝撞 Y 位址辨識 成功 N i = i + 1 N Y N 檢查碼 正確 傳送完畢 Y i > 16 Y N 尚有多餘 位元 N N 長度欄位 內容正確 Y 計算延遲時間 Y 刪除訊框頭尾 等待延遲時間 長度錯誤 接收成功 傳送成功 訊框錯誤 對齊錯誤 傳送失敗

  9. Collision Detection Window for Baseband CSMA/CD (=2a) a = 0.5, 傳輸時間 = 1 t0 B A A 開始傳送訊框 t0+a-e B A B 開始傳送訊框 衝撞 t0+a B A B 偵測出衝撞 t0+2a-e B A A 偵測出衝撞

  10. Network Configuration(Single segment) 同軸電纜區段(最長 500 公尺) (每區段最多接 100 個) B D F 收發器 終端器 同軸電纜 收發器電纜 終端器 (最長 50 公尺) A E C

  11. Network Configuration (Two segments) 同軸電纜區段(最長 500 公尺) B A C 第一段同軸電纜 收發器電纜 (最長 50 公尺) D 訊號增益器 E F 第二段同軸電纜 G H I 同軸電纜區段(最長 500 公尺)

  12. Network Configuration (Five segments, maximum) 1 A D 區段 1 區段 2 B E C F 訊號增益器 2 H G 3 區段 3 4 Remind : Slot Time = 51.2 us L 半訊號增益器 5 I 半訊號增益器間電纜 區段 5 (最長 1000 公尺) 區段 4 J M 6 K N

  13. 基頻 基頻 基頻 基頻 (Manchester) (Manchester) (Manchester) (Manchester) Alternative Physical Layers 參 數 10BASE5 10BASE 2 1BASE5 10BASET 10BROAD36 同軸電纜 無遮蔽式 同軸電纜 同軸電纜 無遮蔽式 傳輸媒介 (50 歐姆) (50 歐姆) (75 歐姆) 雙絞線 雙絞線 寬頻 訊號處理技術 (DPSK) 10 Mbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 10 Mbps 10 Mbps 資料傳輸速率 每段最大長度 185 公尺 1800 公尺 500 公尺 185 公尺 500 公尺 網路最大長度 2500 公尺 2500 公尺 925 公尺 500 公尺 3600 公尺 每段最多可連接 100 30 工作站數目 工作站間距 0.5 公尺 2.5 公尺 電纜線直徑 5 公厘 0.4-0.6公厘 10 公厘 0.4-0.6公厘

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