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Adolfo Quiles and Ricardo Goenaga USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS)

Seed Increase and Phytosanitary Assessment of Quarantined and Tropically- Adapted Genetic Resources. Adolfo Quiles and Ricardo Goenaga USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS) Mayagüez, Puerto Rico WEBSITE: http//:www.ars-grin.gov/may.

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Adolfo Quiles and Ricardo Goenaga USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS)

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  1. Seed Increase and Phytosanitary Assessment of Quarantined and Tropically- Adapted Genetic Resources Adolfo Quiles and Ricardo Goenaga USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS) Mayagüez, Puerto Rico WEBSITE: http//:www.ars-grin.gov/may

  2. Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS) MISSION ASSESS TROPICAL SORGHUM AND DRY BEAN GENETIC RESOURCES FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE AND GENETIC DIVERSITY AND DEVELOP GERMPLASM ADAPTED TO TEMPERATE REGIONS. INTRODUCE, PRESERVE, EVALUATE, REGENERATE, DISTRIBUTE TROPICAL FRUIT GERMPLASM AND DEVELOP CULTURAL AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL CROPS.

  3. MIAMI, FL. 1593 km Regeneration sites TROPICAL AGRICULTURE RESEARCH STATION (TARS) FOUNDED IN 1901. BECAME PART OF THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE (1961) PART OF THE U.S. NATIONAL PLANT GERMPLASM SYSTEM (NPGS)

  4. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/

  5. CRIS Project:6635-21000-046-00D • Title: Seed Increase and Phytosanitary Assessment of Quarantined and Tropically- Adapted Genetic Resources • Overall Goal of the Project: To move Zea and Sorghum accessions through quarantine and to increase seed of selected genera of photoperiod sensitive crops thereby increasing genetic diversity within the collections. • Objectives: • Increase seed and conduct phytosanitary assessments for more than 1,000 NPGS Sorghum and Zea accessions which are subject to quarantine restrictions, so as to make additional certified, pathogen-tested seeds available to users. • Regenerate approximately 8,000 NPGS accessions with few seeds, low viabilities, and adaptations to equatorial latitudes and long-seasons, emphasizing Sorghum, Zea, Vigna, Cucurbita, Leucaena, and Psophocarpus. Record key agronomic traits such as host-plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. • -- Work conducted in very close collaboration with Dr. John Erpelding, Sorghum Curator; Mr. Mark Millard, Corn Curator, Dr. Gary Pederson, Acting Cowpea Curator, Dr. Bob Jarret, Cucurbits Curator and Dr. Brad Morris, Special-purpose Legumes Curator.

  6. ROLE OF CURATORS FOR SEED REGENERATION • SET PRIORITIES FOR GERMPLASM TO BE GROWN. • REQUEST SEED FROM NATIONAL CENTER FOR GENETIC • RESOURCES PRESERVATION (NCGRP), NORTH CENTRAL • REGIONAL PI STATION (NCRPIS) OR PLANT GENETIC • RESOURCES CONSERVATION UNIT(PGRCU). • NCGRP, NCRPIS OR PGRCU PERSONNEL SEND SEED TO ST. • CROIX OR TO MAYAGUEZ. • HARVESTED SEED RETURNED TO PI STATIONS.

  7. AGROECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OFST. CROIX • ISLAND IS 22 MILES LONG AND 6 MILES WIDE • SOIL: CLAYEY, CALCAREOUS SEDIMENTS OVER SOFT LIMESTONE OR • MARL WITH pH OF 8.0 OR HIGHER • AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL: 112 CENTIMETERS (44 INCHES) • MONTHLY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE: 27 TO 30 °C • MONTHLY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE: 22 TO 25 °C

  8. APHIS QUARANTINE PROTOCOL (REQUIREMENTS OF APHIS DEPARTMENTAL PERMIT #60668) • PREPLANTING • SEED RECEIVED FROM FT. COLLINS, TREATED WITH 1.58% • Na0Cl. • ANNUAL DISEASE SURVEY CONDUCTED BY ARS AND APHIS • PATHOLOGISTS. • GROWING SEASON • APHIS AND ARS PATHOLOGISTS CONDUCT INSPECTION FOR • PROHIBITED DISEASES.

  9. REQUIREMENTS OF APHIS DEPARTMENTAL PERMIT #60668 (CONT.) • HARVEST • APHIS AND ARS PATHOLOGISTS CONDUCT INSPECTION • BEFORE HARVESTING OPERATION BEGIN. • ARS PERSONNEL HARVEST SEED UPON APPROVAL OF PATHOLOGISTS. • SEED IS SENT TO REGIONAL PLANT INTRODUCTION STATIONS. • PLANT RESIDUES ARE DISPOSED OF BY DEEP PLOWING. • PLOT REMAIN UNUSED FOR THREE YEARS.

  10. YEARLY GROWOUTS Sorghum Plantings: September – January (St. Croix) Corn Planting: May (St. Croix) Cowpea Planting: September (Isabela) Leucaena: September (St. Croix) Winged bean: September (St. Croix) Cucurbits: September (Isabela)

  11. SORGHUM DESCRIPTORS Vigor Sprouting Tillering Midrib color Anthesis Height F. L. height B.o.P. height Pan. exsertion Midrib color Juicy/dry midrib Pan. length P. erectness Height unif. Plant color St. waxiness Rust incidence Anth. incidence Yield potential Desirability

  12. Sorghum Seed Cleaning Operation

  13. CORN DESCRIPTORS Ear height Height to peduncle Total plant height Tassel type Ears/stalk Tillers/stalk Nodes/plant Nodes above ear Shank length

  14. Zea Crossing and Management

  15. COWPEA DESCRIPTORS Flowering Flower color Leaf shape Maturity Plant habit Plant height Dry pod color Pod length Pod place Pod position Pods/peduncle Seed coat color Seed pattern Seed production Seed shape Seed size Seed texture Harvest date Seed patt. color

  16. COWPEA SEED REGENERATION

  17. CUCURBITS DESCRIPTORS Fruit color Fruit diameter Fruit length Fruit shape Fruit spotting Fruit surface Stripe color Sd. cavity color Unif. of color Unif. of F. shape Unif. of F. size Unif. of F. surface Maturity Fruit set Fruit weight Longi. grooves

  18. CUCURBIT SEED SHAPE PI 271360 PI 254926

  19. Leucaena DESCRIPTORS Branching Foliage Plant height Maturity Width Harvest date

  20. Leucaena Regeneration

  21. DESCRIPTORS: OTHER CROPS Gourds: 10 descriptors Luffa: 4 descriptors Wingbean: 2 descriptors

  22. Winged Bean Regeneration

  23. Sorghum seedstock production at the USDA-ARS, Germplasm Introduction Research Unit Quarantine IncreaseNon-quarantine Increase Year PlantedHarvestedPlantedHarvestedDistribution 1987 -1999 6292 5814 8201 7915 PGRCU 2000 490 486 -- -- PGRCU 2001 1310 1290 493 407 PGRCU 2002 420 418 1415 1388 PGRCU 2003 -- -- 2100 2008 PGRCU 2004 420 417 2100 2037 PGRCU 2005 420 417 1260 1218 PGRCU 2006 420 399 2520 2487 PGRCU 2007 420 420 1260 1230 PGRCU 2008 420 382 1260 1259 PGRCU 2009 224 pending 1456 pending PGRCU TOTAL 10612 10043 20599 19949 Grand Total 3121129992

  24. Corn seedstock production at the USDA-ARS, Germplasm Introduction Research Unit Quarantine IncreaseNon-quarantine Increase Year PlantedHarvestedPlantedHarvestedDestination 1989 -1999 1185 1118 774 756 NCRPIS 2000 -- -- -- -- NCRPIS 2001 -- -- 34 34 NCRPIS 2002 29 29 -- -- NCRPIS 2003 -- -- 42 42 NCRPIS 2004 42 42 -- -- NCRPIS 2005 54 54 -- -- NCRPIS 2006 61 61 -- -- NCRPIS 2007 126 106 -- -- NCRPIS 2008 185 162 -- -- NCRPIS 2009 116 103 -- -- NCRPIS TOTAL 1798 1675 850 832 GRAND TOTAL 3480 2507

  25. Cowpea seedstock (non-quarantined) production at the Germplasm Introduction and Research Unit and Isabela Research Farm • Accessions Accessions • Year Planted Harvested Destination • 1995 102 66 PGRCU • 1996 31 29 PGRCU • 1996 23 20 PGRCU • 1997 6 4 PGRCU • 1998 30 23 PGRCU • 1999 6 6 PGRCU • 50 50 PGRCU • 51 51 PGRCU • 51 51 PGRCU • 52 52 PGRCU • 52 51 PGRCU • 52 44 PGRCU • 52 52 PGRCU • 2007 52 51 PGRCU • 52 52 PGRCU • 52 52 PGRCU • TOTAL 714 602

  26. Leucaena seedstock production at the USDA-ARS,Germplasm Introduction and Research Unit Accessions Accessions Year Planted Harvested Destination 2004 15 14 PGRCU 2005 20 19 PGRCU 2006 20 19 PGRCU 2007 10 10 PGRCU 2008 20 13 PGRCU 2009 20 Pending PGRCU TOTAL 85 75

  27. Cucurbit seedstock production at the USDA-ARS, Research Isabela Farm • Accessions Accessions • Year Planted Harvested Destination • 2003 4 3 PGRCU • 2004 12 5 PGRCU • 2005 8 4 PGRCU • 2006 12 4 PGRCU • 13 8 PGRCU • 2008 16 4 PGRCU • 2009 12 Pending PGRCU • TOTAL 65 28

  28. Winged bean seedstock production at the USDA-ARS,Germplasm Introduction and Research Unit Accessions Accessions Year Planted Harvested Destination 2004 15 13 PGRCU 2005 20 4 PGRCU 2006 2 2 PGRCU 2007 0 0 PGRCU 2008 20 20 PGRCU 2009 20 Pending PGRCU TOTAL 57 39

  29. Pearl Millet seedstock production at the Germplasm Introduction and Research Unit Accessions Accessions Year Planted Harvested Destination 1996 231 230 PGRCU 1997 210 174 PGRCU 1998 196 193 PGRCU 1998 210 210 PGRCU 1999 239 239 PGRCU TOTAL 1086 1046

  30. THANKS, QUESTIONS?

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