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Psychoanalytic Tradition Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalytic Tradition Sigmund Freud. The beginnings…. Sigismund Freud May 6, 1856 Freiberg, Moravia theories often a product of the zeitgeist. Freud. Victorian Era behaving properly doing good works sexuality was taboo. Freud. Victorian tendency to “split” public self

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Psychoanalytic Tradition Sigmund Freud

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  1. Psychoanalytic TraditionSigmund Freud

  2. The beginnings… • Sigismund Freud • May 6, 1856 • Freiberg, Moravia • theories often a product of the zeitgeist

  3. Freud • Victorian Era • behaving properly • doing good works • sexuality was taboo

  4. Freud • Victorian tendency to “split” • public self • private and secret self • split = neurosis of the day • openly discussed sexuality • offensive to many

  5. Meet the Parents • Amalie Freud (Freud's mother) • eight children • Freud the oldest and her favourite • Freud born out of wedlock? • played a key role in Freudian theory

  6. Meet the Parents • Jakob Freud (Freud's father) • Jewish wool merchant • Freud's views of his father were mixed • Oedipus complex • "sons unconsciously desire to kill their fathers" • Freud's father was married three times

  7. Chronology • 1881-1882 doctor of medicine • research focus (neurology) • psychiatry to make a living and get married • 1884-1885: experiments with cocaine • 18 hour days, 24 Volumes of writing

  8. Chronology • 1886: Marries Martha Bernays • 6 children (3 boys and 3 girls) • one of which was Anna Freud • 1887-1888 : interested in hypnotherapy • abandons in favor of ______________________

  9. Chronology • 1893-1894: with Josef Breuer • "father figure" • helped F get established • Anna O. (Bertha Pappenheim)

  10. Anna O. • Anna - 2 years in therapy • hysterical neurosis • developed the TALKING CURE • by talking Anna's symptoms disappeared

  11. Seduction Hypothesis • origins of hysterical symptoms are in childhood sexual seduction • experiences are repressed

  12. Chronology • 1895: analyze one of his own dreams • Manifest Content • Latent Content

  13. Chronology • Anna Freud born • 1896: first use of term "psychoanalysis“ • starts to develop neurotic symptoms • 1897: begins his self-analysis • 1900: Interpretation of Dreams published

  14. Chronology • 1906: Jung and Freud Correspond • 1909: Journey to America • 1913: Break with Jung

  15. Chronology • 1918: loses his entire fortune • 1923: oral cancer are detected • smoking 20 cigars a day, 33 operations • in pain, continues to work

  16. Chronology • 1930: A heart attack • 1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor • Freud corresponds with Einstein • 1938: anti-semitic persecution • Nazis burned Freud's books

  17. Freud’s Death • Sept. 23rd, 1939 dies

  18. Reactions to Freud • The ideas.. • The man…

  19. Tenets of Psychoanalysis • Psychic Determinism • Internal Structure • Psychic Conflict • Mental Energy

  20. Psychic Determinism

  21. Consciousness Preconscious Unconscious

  22. Types of Instincts • sexuality and life instincts : • aggression and death instincts:

  23. Internal Structure • Brain v. Mind • Brain – physical organ • Mind – ID, EGO, SE

  24. Psychic Conflict • Superego – • Ego – • ID –

  25. The ID • ID (translated as "the it") • uncivilized, selfish, illogical, impulsive, pleasure-seeking • at birth, the mind consists entirely of ID • works according to the ___________________________

  26. The Ego • the EGO (translated as the "I") • rational, realistic • reality principle=

  27. Compromise Formation • function of the EGO • balance between demands reality, the ID and Superego

  28. The Superego • moral, perfectionistic (unrealistically) • the superego (translated the "over I") • standards about what is right and wrong • irrationally demanding in its strive for moral perfection • superego consists of two parts: • ego ideal and conscience • ego ideal- • conscience-

  29. Conflict • conflict results in anxiety • realistic anxiety • neurotic anxiety • moral anxiety • To cope… we use defense mechanisms

  30. Mental Energy • Psychic energy of mind is called Libido • Energy is finite • Energy must be vented

  31. Mental Energy • Catharsis Hypothesis

  32. Stages of Psychosexual Development • Libido invested in stages • 0ral • Anal • Phallic • Latency • Genital

  33. Freud’s Theory Believed in moderation… Problems Underinvestment Overinvestment Results in FIXATION

  34. Oral (0 to 18 months) • Erogenous zone: mouth, lips, and tongue • Quality of care giving an issue. • IDEAL: moderate care • trust, given and receive, self-reliance • BAD: too little care • BAD: too much care

  35. Oral Phase • unhealthy development: • oral passive personality • oral aggressive

  36. Anal : (18 months to 3 years) • control over anal sphincters • Parents play a key role in toilet training • How this is handled is crucial… • IDEAL: Moderate praise • healthy development: personal autonomy, independence, initiative without guilt

  37. Anal • children want to become independent. • “ME DO” – learns self-control • Learning the meaning of the word “NO” • “Terrible Twos”

  38. Anal Stage • BAD: too high expectations (too harsh) • BAD: no expectations…. (too lenient) • unhealthy development: • anal-retentive

  39. Phallic (ages 3-6) • complicated and controversial stage • adjustments to opposite sex are made • Oedipus and Electra complex • Males and Females resolve this stage differently. • Superego develops by the end of this stage

  40. Oedipus Complex • Inspired by Greek legend • Oedipus = “swollen foot” • King of Thebes (Oedipus) unconsciously kills father and marries mother • Little boys want to kill their fathers and sleep with their mothers • Can’t happen… so little boys identify with father

  41. Electra Complex • “Penis envy” • “The Love Doctor” did not understand women • “What do women want”? • “The Dark Continent”

  42. Bottom line… • Emerging sexual feelings during stage • Emerging conscience • resolution dictates how you handle sexuality as an adult • Sexual uptight (rigid, guilt-prone, condemning) • Sexually “loose” (phallic personality)

  43. Latency (ages 6-12) • Cooling off period • no localization of libidinal energy • sexual interests replaced by social ones • Sexual drive is “sublimated” to school, hobbies, friends and sports • Weakness of theory • Attraction can occur as early as the 4th grade before sexual maturity

  44. Genital (ages 12+) • marked by the development of emotional ties with member of the opposite sex • Focus outward, instead of inward • Learn to love and work = mental health

  45. Defense Mechanisms

  46. Psychoanalytic • Defense Mechanisms

  47. Different Categories • George Valliant • Mature - sublimation • Neurotic – sexualization • Immature - regression • Narcissistic – distortion • See Kaplan and Sadock

  48. How does this work in therapy? • Two goals… • 1) Gain insight (intellectual awareness) • 2) Change behavior (move aware from repetitive compulsions)

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