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Cellular Respiration Overview for Efficient Energy Production

Explore the process of cellular respiration, from glycolysis to aerobic respiration, and learn how ATP is synthesized efficiently. Understand the crucial stages and methods involved in glucose catabolism. Discover the roles of substrate-level phosphorylation and aerobic respiration in ATP generation. Dive into the key pathways like glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain. Study the fates of pyruvate in fermentation and acetyl-CoA production. Enhance your knowledge of energy metabolism and cellular respiration efficiency.

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Cellular Respiration Overview for Efficient Energy Production

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  1. Bio 178 Lecture 15 Cellular Respiration http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/cellresp.htm

  2. Reading • Chapter 9 ? Quiz Material • Questions on P 184 • Chapter 9 Quizzes on Text Website (www.mhhe.com/raven7)

  3. Outline • Cellular Respiration • Glucose catabolism

  4. ATP Synthase

  5. Glucose Catabolism Methods for Making ATP 1. Substrate-Level Phosphorylation ADP + Pi ATP Pi comes from a phosphate-bearing intermediate molecule. Example - Glycolysis. 2. Aerobic Respiration ATP synthase makes ATP using energy provided by electron transfer. O2 = final electron acceptor.

  6. Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

  7. Aerobic Respiration

  8. Processes Involved in Eukaryotic Respiration 1. Glycolysis Sugar splitting anaerobic process. • Location Cytoplasm • Energetic Products 2 ATP net & 2 NADH net produced by substrate level phosphorylation. 2. Aerobic Respiration • Pyruvate oxidation • Krebs cycle • Electron transport chain

  9. Glycolysis Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 H2O 10 enzyme catalyzed steps can be divided up into 3 major stages: 1. Glucose Priming Glucose is prepared for cleavage using 2 ATP. 2. Cleavage Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (6C)  2 X 3C molecules. 3. Energy Harvesting The 2 X 3C molecules are converted into 2 pyruvate (3C), releasing 2 NADH and 4 ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation.

  10. Principle Stages of Glycolysis

  11. Glycolysis Pathway

  12. Glycolysis Pathway

  13. Glycolysis (Cntd.) • Bookkeeping 1. ATP 4 ATP - 2 ATP = 2 ATPnet 2. NADH 2 NADH • NAD+ Regeneration Glycolysis depletes cellular NAD+ stores. The cell uses 2 methods to recycle NAD+ (transfer electrons and H+): Aerobic respiration Fermentation

  14. Pyruvate Fate

  15. Fermentation Allows glycolysis to continue in the continued presence of glucose. 2 types: • Ethanol - Yeast 2 Pyruvate (3C)  2 Acetaldhyde (2C) + 2 CO2  2 Ethanol (2C) (+ 2 NAD+) Toxic to yeast at 12% • Lactic Acid - Animals 2 Pyruvate (3C)  2 Lactate (3C) (+ 2 NAD+) When lactate is produced faster than it is removed  Muscle fatigue

  16. Fermentation

  17. Acetyl-CoA Production • Function Oxidation of pyruvate to produce NADH Acetyl-CoA used either in fat synthesis or ATP generation • Overall Reaction Pyruvate (3C) + CoA + NAD+ Acetyl-CoA (2C) + CO2 + NADH Catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase Coenzyme A is a cofactor • Location Pyruvate is shuffled into the mitochondrion. Acetyl co-A is made in the mitochondrial matrix.

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