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Enhancing Plant Growth with Mineral Nutrition Techniques

Learn about mineral nutrition techniques like hydroponics and sand culture, essential nutrients for plants, and the role of micronutrients. Discover how plants adapt to varying nutrient availability in soil and the importance of symbiotic relationships for nutrient uptake.

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Enhancing Plant Growth with Mineral Nutrition Techniques

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  1. Mineral Nutrition Studied by soil-free culture in nutrient solutions:

  2. Mineral Nutrition • Soil-free culture • Sand culture • Hydroponics: immerse roots in nutrient solution • Slanted film maintains [nutrients] &O2 • Aeroponics spraysnutrient solution on roots

  3. Mineral Nutrition • Macronutrients • CHOPKNS

  4. Mineral Nutrition • Macronutrients • CHOPKNS • CHOPNS make biopolymers

  5. Mineral Nutrition • Macronutrients • CHOPNS make biopolymers • N deficiency • mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

  6. Mineral Nutrition • Macronutrients • CHOPNS make biopolymers • P deficiency • mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

  7. Mineral Nutrition • Macronutrients • CHOPNS make biopolymers • S deficiency • mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

  8. Mineral Nutrition • Macronutrients • CHOPKNS • CHOPNS make biopolymers • K makes turgor, enzyme cofactor • mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

  9. Mineral Nutrition • Macronutrients • CHOPKNS • Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor • immobile in plant, so shows first in young leaves

  10. Mineral Nutrition • Macronutrients • Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor • Fe: cofactor • immobile in plant, so shows first in young leaves

  11. Mineral Nutrition • Macronutrients • Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor • Fe: cofactor • Mg: cofactor • mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

  12. Mineral Nutrition • Macronutrients: CHOPKNSCaFeMg • Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor • Fe: cofactor • Mg: cofactor • mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

  13. Mineral Nutrition • Macronutrients: CHOPKNSCaFeMgBNaCl • Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor • Fe: cofactor • Mg: cofactor • mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

  14. Mineral Nutrition • Micronutrients: BNaCl • B: cell elongation. NA metabolism • immobile in plant, so shows first in young leaves

  15. Mineral Nutrition • Micronutrients: BNaCl • B: cell elongation. NA metabolism • Na: PEP regeneration in C4, K substitute • mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

  16. Mineral Nutrition • Micronutrients: BNaCl • B: cell elongation. NA metabolism • Na: PEP regenerationin C4, K substitute • Cl: water-splitting, osmotic balance • mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

  17. Mineral Nutrition • Micronutrients: BNaCl others include Cu, Zn, Mn • B: cell elongation. NA metabolism • Na: PEP regeneration, K substitute • Cl: water-splitting, osmotic balance • Cu: cofactor • immobile in plant, so shows first in young leaves

  18. Mineral Nutrition • Commercial fertilizers mainly supply NPK

  19. Plant food • 2.6% ammoniacal nitrogen • 4.4% nitrate nitrogen • 9% phosphorus • 5% potassium • calcium (2%) • magnesium (0.5%) • sulfur (0.05%) • boron (0.02%) • chlorine (0.1%) • cobalt (0.0015%) • copper (0.05%) • iron (0.1%) • manganese (0.05%) • molybdenum (0.0009%) • nickel (0.0001%) • sodium (0.10%) • zinc (0.05%)

  20. Mineral Nutrition • Soil nutrients • Amounts & availability vary • PSU extension Text

  21. Mineral Nutrition • Soil nutrients • Amounts & availabilityvary • Many are immobile, eg P, Fe

  22. Mineral Nutrition • Soil nutrients • Amounts & availability vary • Many are immobile, eg P, Fe • Mobile nutrients come with soil H2O

  23. Mineral Nutrition • Soil nutrients • Amounts & availability vary • Many are immobile, eg P, Fe • Mobile nutrients come with soil H2O • Immobiles must be “mined” • Root hairs get close

  24. Mineral Nutrition • Immobile nutrients must be “mined” • Root hairs get close • Mycorrhizae get closer

  25. Mineral Nutrition • Immobile nutrients must be mined • Root hairs get close • Mycorrhizae get closer Solubility varies w pH

  26. Mineral Nutrition • Solubility varies w pH • 5.5 is best compromise

  27. Mineral Nutrition • Solubility varies w pH • 5.5 is best compromise • Plants alter pH @ roots to • aid uptake

  28. Mineral Nutrition • Nutrients in soil • Plants alter pH @ roots toaid uptake • Also use symbionts • Mycorrhizal fungi help: especially with P

  29. Mineral Nutrition • Also use symbionts • Mycorrhizal fungi help: especially with P • P travels poorly: fungal hyphae are longer & thinner

  30. Mineral Nutrition • Also use symbionts • Mycorrhizal fungi help: especially with P • P travels poorly: fungal hyphae are longer & thinner • Fungi give plants nutrients

  31. Mineral Nutrition • Also use symbionts • Mycorrhizal fungi help: especially with P • P travels poorly: fungal hyphae are longer & thinner • Fungi give plants nutrients • Plants feed them sugar

  32. Mineral Nutrition • Also use symbionts • Mycorrhizal fungi help: especially with P • P travels poorly: fungal hyphae are longer & thinner • Fungi give plants nutrients • Plants feed them sugar • Ectomycorrhizae surround root: only trees, esp. conifers

  33. Mineral Nutrition • Ectomycorrhizae surround root: only trees, esp. conifers • release nutrients into apoplast to be taken up by roots

  34. Mineral Nutrition • Ectomycorrhizae surround root: trees • release nutrients into apoplast to be taken up by roots • Endomycorrhizae invade root cells: Vesicular/Arbuscular • Most angiosperms, especially in nutrient-poor soils

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