Interdisciplinary Learning and Nanoimpact

1. Interdisciplinary Learning and Nanoimpact

2. Thomas Edison “ If we did all the things we are capable of, we would literally astound ourselves ”

3. It is innately human to experiment and engage with the world

4. Integrated Concentration in Science (iCons) Undergraduate Education Through Interdisciplinary, Team-Based, Real-World Problem Solving

5. Some major challenges facing society • Water • Energy • Health • Sustainable development • Environment • Knowledge • Economy These are challenges that require interdisciplinary collaborations to solve!

6. Educational Goals: iCons: Training students to become scientific leaders • Attitude • Skills • Knowledge ASK

7. “Culture is more important than curriculum”

8. Four Year Program Integrative Communication • Read Write Speak Debate • Bridge Disciplines • Develop Portfolio Year 1: Gen Ed “I” Global Challenges, Scientific Solutions • Team Work • Begin Portfolio • Case Studies, e.g., • Cholera in Haiti • Gulf Oil Spill … Year 2: Junior Yr Writing Discovery Lab • Student-designed Experiments • Cutting-edge Equipment • Real-world Applications Capstone Project • Interdisciplinary Research • Senior Symposium • Complete Portfolio Year 3: Upper Level Elec Year 4: Honors Thesis Choose Theme • Biomed • Energy Mark Tuominen, July 6, 2013, Nano K12

9. Doing Science

10. Communicating Science

11. iCons 3E: Renewable Energy Laboratory Course “ All life is an experiment. The more experiments you make, the better. ” - Ralph Waldo Emerson

12. iCons 3E: Timeline wk1 wk15 Energy Bootcamp Unit Project 1 Unit Project 2 Scaffolded course structure Student ownership Instructor guidance

13. Nanoimpact Where is nanotechnology making an impact on society? Where will it make impacts in the future?

14. Nanotechnology is an example ofInterdisciplinary Collaboration at workPeople from diverse fields working together -- more rapidly solving important problems in our society • Physics • Chemistry • Biology • Materials Science • Polymer Science • Electrical Engineering • Chemical Engineering • Mechanical Engineering • Medicine • And others • Electronics • Materials • Health/Biotech • Chemical • Environmental • Energy • Food • Aerospace • Automotive • Security • Forest products

15. Global Grand Challenges 2008 NAE Grand Challenges

16. Top Research Areas of the NNI for 2011 • Fundamental nanoscale phenomena and processes • Nanomaterials • Nanoscale devices and systems • Instrumentation research, metrology, and standards • Nanomanufacturing • Major research facilities and instrumentation • Environment, health and safety • Education and societal dimensions 484M 342M 402M 77M 101M 203M 117M 35M

17. The Lotus Effect - Superhydrophobic Surfaces • The leaves of the lotus plant are superhydrophobic – water beads up on the surface of the plant and moves freely with almost no resistance making the leaves self-cleaning. Water Drops on a Lotus Leaf • The surface of the lotus leaf has 10mm sized bumps which are coated by nanometer sized waxy crystals – extremely hydrophobic • Superhydrophobic in fact! • The water does not wet the entire surface of the leaf, but only the tops of the roughness. • Contact angle approaches q = 180o (the contact angle with air)

18. Hydrophobic vs. Superhydrophobic Hydrophobic Superhydrophobic • Droplets don’t stick to superhydrophobic surfaces • Water-based stains don’t adsorb resulting in stain resistant textiles • Dirt is picked up by rolling drop as it moves resulting in a self cleaning surface • Droplets can be manipulated one at a time on these surfaces to synthesize or analyze nano or picoliters of material – nanofluidics • Snow and ice do not accumulate on these surfaces Dirt Superhydrophobic Surface

19. Make Your Own Superhydrophobic Surfaces – Part I • Need: two identical pieces of Teflon, sandpaper (240 grit) and a pipette full of water. • Keep one piece of Teflon smooth. • Lightly sand the second piece of Teflon with a random motion of the sandpaper to impart micron and nanometer size surface roughness. • Experiment: • Place a small drop of water on the smooth Teflon surface. • Tilt the surface through vertical. • Does the drop stick or slide? • Now place a small drop on the sanded Teflon surface • Tilt the surface through vertical. • Can you get the drop to stick? • Adding micron and nanometer surface roughness can have a big impact on how drops adhere to and wet a surface Smooth Teflon Sanded Teflon

20. Make Your Own Superhydrophobic Surfaces – Part II • In the first experiment we changed surface roughness to make a hydrophobic surface superhydrophobic here we will change the hydrophobicity of an already rough surface • Need: Regular sand and “Magic Sand” (sand treated to make it hydrophobic) • Need: Two shallow pans/plates, two cups, two spoons and water • Experiment 1: • Cover the bottom of one pan with regular sand and the other with magic sand. • Place a small drop of water on each. • What do you observe? • Agitate/shake the pan. • Does the drop stick or slide? • Experiment 2: • Fill two cups with water. • Pour regular sand into one cup and magic sand into the other. • What do you observe? • Does the magic sand get wet? • Use a spoon to move sand around. Bring it to the surface and see what happens! Magic Sand

21. d w Using Superhydrophobic Surfaces to Reduce Drag • We are currently using superhydrophobic surfaces to develop a passive, inexpensive technique that can generate drag reduction in both laminar and turbulent flows. • This technology could have a significant impact on applications from microfluidics and nanofluidics to submarines and surface ships. • How does it work? The water touches only the tops of the post and a shear-free air-water interfaces is supported – effectively reducing the surface area. • Currently capable of reducing drag by over 70% in both laminar and turbulent flows! Hierarchical Nanostructures On Silicon On PDMS 15μm

22. The GENMAR GEORGE T (Japan Universal Shipbuilding, Tsu shipyard) Can These Surfaces Have a Real Impact? • Current Energy Resources – Fossil Fuels • Increasing scarcity • Increasing cost • Dangerous to maintain security • Ocean-going vessels accounted for 72% of all U.S. imports in 2006 • Technology could be employed to make ships more efficient or faster • Friction drag accounts for 90% of total drag experienced by a slow moving vessel • A 25% reduction in friction drag on a typical Suezmax Crude Carrier could… • Save $5,500 USD / day in #6 fuel oil • Prevent 43 metric tons of CO2 from entering the atmosphere each day 60μm

23. Why Size Matters • To support larger and larger pressures and pressure drops, the spacing of the roughness on the ultrahydrophobic surfaces must be reduced into the nanoscale. • Currently developing processing techniques for large area nanofabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces with precise patterns of surface roughness. • Roll-to-roll nano-imprint lithography – a cutting edge tool. R2R NIL 70nm Optical Gratings Coating Module Supply Drive Module Imprinting Module Receive Drive Module

24. Why Roll-to-Roll Nanoimprint Lithography • Roll-to-roll technology will enable fabrication of nanostructured materials and devices by a simple, rapid, high volume, cost-effective platform. • Current cost of nanofabrication is $25,000/m2 • This technology capable of pushing it to $25/m2 • Will help address many of the challenges facing society. Membranes and Filters Coating Module Supply Drive Module

25. Nanomanufacturing - the essential link between laboratory innovations and nanotechnology products.

26. Nanomanufacturing • Processes must work at a commercially relevant scale • Cost is a key factor • Must be reproducible and reliable • Environmental Health and Safety must be under control • Nanomanufacturing includes top-down and bottom-up techniques, and integration of both • Must form part of a value chain

27. Nanofabrication & Nanomanufacturing Today Liddle & Gallatin (NIST), Nanoscale – In press 27

28. The Cost of Complexity Logic Complexity/ Functionality Storage Displays Sensors Lighting Photovoltaics Catalysts Filters Coatings $105/m2 $1/m2 Cost/area Liddle & Gallatin (NIST), Nanoscale – In press 28

29. Important Strides in Nano Environmental, Health and Safety NIOSH: "Approaches to Safe Nanotechnology" • Emphasizing effective control banding • Now an ISO standard NIH: Nano Health Enterprise Initiative DuPont/EDF: Nano Risk Framework ACS: Lab Safety Guidelines For Handling Nanomaterials Lockheed-Martin: Enterprise-wide Procedure for Environmental, Safety and Health Management of Nanomaterials and many more efforts

30. An open access network for the advancement of nanomanufacturing R&D and education • Cooperative activities (real-space) • Informatics (cyber-space) Mission: A catalyst -- to support and develop communities of practice in nanomanufacturing. www.nanomanufacturing.org

31. Nanoinformatics • Nanotechnology meets Information Technology • The development of effective mechanisms for collecting, sharing, visualizing, modeling and analyzing data and information relevant to the nanoscale science and engineering community. • The utilization of information and communication technologies that help to launch and support efficient communities of practice.

32. www.internano.org