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KS4 Particles and energy

KS4 Particles and energy. Teacher’s Notes. A slide contains teacher’s notes wherever this icon is displayed - To access these notes go to ‘Notes Page View’ (PowerPoint 97) or ‘Normal View’ (PowerPoint 2000). Notes Page View. Normal View. Flash Files.

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KS4 Particles and energy

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  1. KS4 Particles and energy

  2. Teacher’s Notes A slide contains teacher’s notes wherever this icon is displayed - To access these notes go to ‘Notes Page View’ (PowerPoint 97) or ‘Normal View’ (PowerPoint 2000). Notes Page View Normal View Flash Files A flash file has been embedded into the PowerPoint slide wherever this icon is displayed – These files are not editable.

  3. Particles What happens to the kinetic energy of the particles when a gas is heated? The heat energy is transferred to the kinetic energy of the gas particles. What sort of graph would you get if you plotted ‘Kelvin temperature (Tk)’ against ‘the average kinetic energy (KEave)of the particles’. KEave Zero Kelvin temperature equals zero gas molecule kinetic energy. At what temperature is zero Kelvin? Tk -273°C

  4. °C Kelvin temperature (K) 273K -273°C Celsius temperature (°C) Tk = Tc + 273K

  5. Converting temperatures 273 300 -226 183 756

  6. Pressure and particles What causes pressure in gases? In a sealed container, the particles repeatedly strike the walls of the container. This causes pressure. What happens if you increase the temperature? more pressure gas gets hotter more kinetic energy more collisions at greater speed

  7. Particles animation

  8. Pressure(P) and temperature(T) P PT As long as it is Kelvin temperature T P1/T1 = P2/T2 P – pressure (Pascals) T – Temperature(K)

  9. A gas at a pressure of 50 Pa and a temperature of 40K is heated to a temperature of 120K in a sealed container. What is the new pressure of the gas? P1/T1 = P2/T2 P2= T2(P1/T1) P2= 120x(50/40) P2= 150 Pa

  10. A gas at a pressure of 200 Pa and a temperature of 140K is heated to an unknown temperature in a sealed container. The new pressure is 6 000 Pa. What is the new temperature of the gas? P1/T1 = P2/T2 T2= P2(T1/P1) T2= 6 000x(140/200) T2= 4 200 Pa

  11. Einstein During nuclear reactions mass can be changed into energy. This happens in stars and nuclear reactors, and nuclear fission bombs. The amount of energy produced as mass is changed into energy is given by the formula: Energy = mass change x (speed of light)2 E = mc2 Energy – J Mass – Kg Speed of light – ms-2

  12. A mass of 2 Kg is completely converted into energy. The speed of light is 3x108 ms-1.How much energy is released? E = mc2 E = 2x(3x108)2 E = 1.8 x 1017 J

  13. Light Electrons have discrete energy levels Energy levels Electrons drop an energy level. Light is emitted/absorbed? Electrons gain an energy level. Light is emitted/absorbed?

  14. anodes cathode x-plates grid y-plates fluorescent screen Electron gun Can you label the parts of the gun?

  15. How does it work? Electrons strike the fluorescent screen and seen as a spot of light The electrons are attracted to the anodes and accelerated Electron beam passes through the X and Y plates Hot metal filament emits electrons

  16. KE=QV You can treat the electron beam as a flow of electrons: Kinetic energy = Charge x Voltage KE=QV Kinetic energy measured in Joules (J) Charge measured in Coulombs (C) Voltage measured in volts (V)

  17. Formula triangles Formula triangles help you to rearrange formula. The triangle for the kinetic energy for an electron beam is shown below: Whatever quantity you are trying to find cover it up and it will leave you with the calculation required. …and you are left with the sum… So if you were trying to find charge, Q….. Q = KE V KE   …you would cover Q up… Q V x

  18. Formula triangles

  19. Uses of electron beams? Oscilloscopes TV tubes Electroplating X ray production Monitors Combustion engines

  20. Metres Joules Newtons Pascals What are the units of pressure? 

  21. -48°C 48°C 498°C -498°C What is 225K in Celsius temperature? 

  22. 606K -606K 60K -60K What is 333°C in Kelvin temperature? 

  23. 8K 80K 6.2K 400K A gas at a pressure of 60Pa at a temperature of 50K in a sealed container is compressed to a pressure of 480Pa. What is the new temperature of the gas? 

  24. Oscilloscopes Monitors Spray painting X ray production Which of the following is not a use of electron beams? 

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