2.5 Formatting Citations

1. 2.5 Formatting Citations Notes and Bibliography

2. Notes-Bibliography Citations • Note Style • Full Citation when work first cited • Denoted in text with Superscript numbers • Bibliography NOT directly linked to notes • Two Types of Notes • Footnotes • Endnotes

3. Example: Notes-Bibliography Style End or Foot Note 1Jules R. Benjamin, A Student’s Guide to History, 9th ed. (Boston: Bedford / St. Martin’s, 2004), 60. History occurred in the past, so why do so many history students write in the present tense or even in the “continual past,” a form closely related to the non-English “subjunctive”? Jules Benjamin, an authority on historical method, give this good advice: “When writing about historical events, use the past tense.”1

4. Note Entries vs. Bibliographic Entries Note 1Jules R. Benjamin, A Student’s Guide to History, 9th ed. (Boston: Bedford / St. Martin’s, 2004), 60. Bibliography (Alphabetized) Benjamin, Jules R. A Student’s Guide to History. 9th ed. Boston: Bedford / St. Martin’s, 2004.

5. Part 2: Elements of Citations Turabian, 7th ed., Ch. 17

6. Elements of Full, Full Citation for a Book, Notes-Bib. Style • Author’s Name, • Title and Subtitle • Name of Editor, Compiler, or Translator • Number or Name of Edition Other than First • Name of Series in which work appears • (Publication Information), • Page Number of Specific Info. • Do not use “p.” or “pp.” to denote page Example: Jules R. Benjamin, A Student’s Guide to History, 9th ed. (Boston: Bedford / St. Martin’s, 2004), 60.

7. Elements of Journal Article Note Authors Name, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal Volume, Issue Number (Publication Date): Page Numbers of specific info. Example: Martin T. Olliff, “Life and Work in a Progressive Cotton Community: Prattville, Alabama, 1846-1860,” Agricultural History 68, no. 2 (Spring 1994): 57.

8. Newspaper or Magazine Citation Elements • Author’s name (if known), • “Article Title” or “Headline,” • Periodical Title, • Newspapers: Add City and State if Needed • Well-Known Papers Do Not Need City Names • Publication Date: Month, Day, Year. • Generally Omit Page Number in Newspapers Example: Rex Thomas, “Auburn Quietly Registers Negro,” Huntsville (AL) Times, January 5, 1964.

9. Elements of A Website Citation Name of Content Author [if known], “Title of Webpage,” Title or Owner of Website [Not Italicized], URL (Accessed <date here>). Example: Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Cornell University, and UNITE! “Sweatshops And Strikes Before 1911,” The Triangle Factory Fire, http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/trianglefire/ narrative2.html (accessed August 2, 2007).

10. Subsequent References • Two Methods of Shortening References • Author’s Last Name, Short Title, Page. • Author’s Last Name, Page. • DO NOT USE THIS ONE • Shortening a Title • Only for Titles of more than 5 words • Use Key Words • If Confusing, make a note in first, full citation • Eg: American National Biography (hereafter cited as ANB)

11. Ibid. Lat. ibidem = “in the same place” Reference comes from the same place as the previous citation. Page number can change Abbreviation, so ends in a period Not Italicized. If another work by AUTHOR in previous note, use “idem”