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  1. Archived File The file below has been archived for historical reference purposes only. The content and links are no longer maintained and may be outdated. See the OER Public Archive Home Page for more details about archived files.

  2. Bird’s Eye Overview of NIH and Some of Its Challenges Norka Ruiz Bravo, PhD Deputy Director for Extramural Research, NIH Peer Review Advisory Committee 24 January 2005

  3. Today’s conversation • What is the NIH? • Many answers - depend on one’s perspective… • How does NIH work? • Governance; management & operations; science • What are NIH’s key challenges? • Management and operations • Science and science management

  4. What is the NIH?NIH is the Nation’s leading medical research agency.Goal: Acquire new knowledge to help prevent, detect, diagnose, and treat disease and disability • NIH Extramural • Over 105 Nobel Prize winners trained & funded by NIH • Over half of all American Nobel prizes • The NIH Bethesda is the largest research organization in the world • 6000 scientists • Over 50 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 5 Nobel Prizes • 11/27 directors (and 3 members of the Office of the Director) are members of the Institute of Medicine

  5. FY 2005 Funding By Mechanism (dollars in billions) 16% NIH In-House 6,000 Scientists $2.8 Intramural = 10% $1.0 RM&S = 4% $0.9 Other (NLM, OD, et al.) = 3% Spending at NIH $4.7 TOTAL BUDGET $28.8 Billion 84% Outside NIH (Supports over 212,000 Scientists & Other Personnel) (Supports over 2,800 Institutions Nationwide) Spending Outside NIH $24.1 NIH is comprised of 27 Institutes and Centers

  6. The nation’s leading medical research agency - Role in Major Medical Achievements 500 • Reduction in Stroke Age-Adjusted Death Rates:815,000 Deaths Prevented in 2000 ~ 1,329,000 Projected Deaths in 2000 400 300 Deaths per 100,000 200 ~ 514,000 Actual Deaths in 2000 100 0 00 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 55 60 50 Year • Coronary Heart Disease • Age-Adjusted Death Rates:241,000 Deaths • Prevented in 2000 200 ~ 407,000 Projected Deaths * 150 Deaths Per 100,000 100 50 ~ 166,000 Actual Deaths 0 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 Year

  7. Office of the Director * Reality check National Institute on Aging National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases National Cancer Institute National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Eye Institute National Institute of General Medical Sciences National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Human Genome Research Institute National Institute of Mental Health National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institute of Nursing Research National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities Fogarty International Center National Center for Research Resources National Library of Medicine National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering Clinical Center Center for Information Technology Center for Scientific Review No funding authority

  8. How does NIH work? • Decision making processes • Governance • Peer review • Management and operations • Achieving administrative efficiencies • Co-evolving policies and operations w/ the science and scientific approaches • Science • Trans-NIH research

  9. CSR Oversight Committee IT BoG IT Enterprise Systems: CSR Director OD CSAC NBS, CRIS, eRA, EHRP Office of the Director CIT Director ORS Advisory Committee Unanticipated Needs Funding Advisory Review Board ORS Director Department Taps CC Research Steering Committee FPAC IC Directors ORFDO Director CC Director CC BoG: Buildings & Facilities CC Director ORFDO Director Director, NIH Dr. Zerhouni How does NIH work? NIH Governance Dr. Elias Zerhouni Steering Committee Nine IC Directors Management & Budget Working Group Info. Technology Working Group Facilities Working Group Intramural Activities Working Group Extramural Activities Working Group + 33 other committees Past Current

  10. How does NIH work? The peer review process is the cornerstone of NIH • Peer-review process • Independent - done by outside reviewers • Highly competitive- <30% get funded • Scientific and Public Advisory Structure • Each institute has an advisory council - 2/3 scientists and 1/3 public representatives • Director NIH is advised by 2 separate committees: Council of public representatives, and the Advisory Council to the Director

  11. How does NIH work? • Achieving administrative efficiencies • A-76 • Division of Extramural Activities Support • Grants management processes • Grants management systems (IT)

  12. Achieving Administrative Efficiencies(A-76)

  13. Achieving Administrative Efficiencies • Grants management processes • Information technology systems

  14. How does NIH work? Co-evolving policies and operations w/ science and scientific approaches Molecules > Systems Reductionism > Integration Single investigator > Teams Single discipline > Multiple disciplines • Allow more than one co-PI on applications and awards and recognize the contributions of PIs and other key personnel on the project

  15. What are NIH’s key challenges? • Management and operations • Science and science management • The next generation – New investigators, clinician scientists • Knowledge-based management of science

  16. What are NIH’s key challenges? Reality check

  17. What are NIH’s key challenges? NIH funding is extremely competitive 50% are funded Out of the applications for renewal of research project grants (RPG’s)… 50% are not funded

  18. New investigators: First major independent research support occurs at a later age

  19. Number of new investigators entering and leaving the system - pretty steady until doubling

  20. New investigators are entering system at higher rate than experienced are leaving it

  21. 100% Competing New Investigators 80% 60% Competing Experienced Investigators 40% Non-Competing 20% Awards 0% 1962 1970 1978 1986 1994 2002 New investigators compete for ~ a 25% share of the NIH pie

  22. Addressing one of NIH’s key challenges • Resources for New Investigators • Help w/ the grant application process • NIH institute and center policies relating to new investigators • Data on new investigators • Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering link • Links to non-NIH resources • Etc. • Ideas welcome: ruizbran@od.nih.gov http://grants2.nih.gov/grants/new_investigators/

  23. Evolution of public health challenges Acute to Chronic Conditions AgingPopulation Health Disparities EmergingDiseases Biodefense

  24. Scientific challenges for NIH - themes

  25. What is the NIH Roadmap? • Framework of priorities that the NIH as a whole must address in order to optimize its entire research portfolio. • Set of initiatives that are central to extending the quality of healthy life for people in this country and around the world. • Vision for a more efficient and productive system of biomedical and behavioral research.

  26. What are NIH’s key challenges? • Management and operations • Knowledge-based management of science • Developing modern decision support systems and tools to facilitate our operations and processes and analyze the NIH portfolio of research so that NIH can identify the research priorities that it must address as a whole • What is a decision support system (DSS)? • Also know as “Business Intelligence/Data Driven Decision Support System/Executive Information System • Class of computerized information systems • Support decision-making activities • Five basic types, each driven by: • Data, knowledge, documents, communications, and models

  27. Knowledge Management – what are we talking about? • Involves identifying a group of people that have a need to share knowledge; developing technological support to enable sharing; and creating a process for transferring and disseminating that knowledge.

  28. How does KM technology work? • Depends – there are many tools for the various aspects/functions of KM and the kind of data (structured or unstructured): some NIH-relevant examples of KM functions to the right

  29. Knowledge Management – how would NIH benefit from application of KM? • Disease coding • Peer review • Referral and assignment of applications • Identification of peer reviewers • Portfolio analysis • Scientific trend analysis • Clinical relevance recognition tools • Need-to-know-based security screening • Clinical Center – clustering of clinical research

  30. The ideal NIH Decision Support System “Knowledge-based management of science”

  31. The bird has landed. Thank you for your patience. Knowledge-based management of science

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