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Professor Dr. Jin BQ Dept. of Food Science & Nutrition NJNU

Children. Professor Dr. Jin BQ Dept. of Food Science & Nutrition NJNU. §5 Preshool child 3-5(6) years old p188-190. 1 Physiological property 1.1Body gain: Continuous faster growth But slower than 0-3old Boy > girl in this period BW > 2-3kg/year

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Professor Dr. Jin BQ Dept. of Food Science & Nutrition NJNU

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  1. Children Professor Dr. Jin BQ Dept. of Food Science & Nutrition NJNU

  2. §5 Preshool child 3-5(6) years old p188-190 1 Physiological property 1.1Body gain: Continuous faster growth But slower than 0-3old • Boy > girl in this period • BW > 2-3kg/year • BH > 5-8cm/year • Head in body: 1/6 • Arm & leg: getting longer Muscular increase with bone calcified

  3. 1.2 Child’s body composition H2O Protein (14.6%) Fat Mineral Bone is soft & ossein more less Ca & easy to be bent

  4. 1.3 Degestive system • Teeth: Replacing period milk tooth left(5/64) secondary dentition • Gut: developing & growing thiner gut wall slower crawl lower enzyme activity sensitive taste 1.4 Urological system (kidney) Concentration & dilution weakling

  5. 1.5 Cardiac-vessel:weaking fewer blood & RBC anemia (Fe) 1.6 Brain-nervous:faster developing 3y-old: 1000-1080g 6y-old: 1250-1305g up to 90-93% in adult 大脑皮层比较脆弱, 兴奋过度会引起疲劳； 兴奋与抑制不平衡，兴奋大于抑制

  6. 2 Nutritional requirement 2.1 Principle compared to adults • Better quality • More quantity for kg BW • Higher N-concentration • Nice & happy sensation

  7. 2.2 Nutrients & energy in DRIs p189 • GE: 1300-1700kcal/d + BG • Protein: 45-60g/d +1.5g BG • Ca: 800mg/d • Mg:150mg/d • Na:325-975mg/d • Fe: 12mg/d • Zn: 9-12mg/d • Vit. • Notes: Growing slowly, when E supplying less 10 kcal/kg BW in DRIs with negative N-balance • Obesity when E supplying more than DRIs

  8. 3Dietary direction p189-190 3.1 Meals: 3meals + 2 snacks 3.2 Principle • Soft & digestive • Better protein (animal/ soybean,Fe ) • Suitable GE • Richer Vit., minerals (fruids & vegetables) • 2-3 cups dairy milk/ soya milk(Ca) • Enough water drinking • lower NaCl diet For preventing obesity, hypertension et al

  9. §6 School children nutrition p190-191 6-12y- old(adolescence) ♀>♂ 12-18y-old(juvenile) 12-15y-old: 2nd fast growing period

  10. 1 Physiological property p190 • Brain-nervous near to adult • Muscle & bone growing quickly • Bone: O: I =7:3 to 5:5 in adult • Teeth alternation • Sexual system up to maturity • Immuno- system/anti-ill increasing • Body conformation up to maturity • More independent • More activity GR: BW=2-2.5kg/y BH= 4-7.5cm/y

  11. 2 Puberty (in juvenile) p191-192 2.1 Period:Girl in 10-12y-old Boy in 12-14y-old 2.2 2ndFast growing BoyGirl BG > 9.8kg/y > 8.8kg/y BH > 10.3cm/y > 9.0cm/y Range in total BG 10-20kg BH 15-30cm Notes: Over nutrition to be obesity In nutrition to be growing slowly or delaying

  12. 3 Nutrition requirement -DRIs Teenage Juvenile GE 1600-2400 kcal/d 2200-2900 kcal/d Protein 55-75g/d 75-85g/d Ca 800mg 1000mg Fe 12/18mg 18/25mg Zn 12/18mg 15/20mg Vit. ---

  13. 4 Dietary administration 3 meals as adult No special cooking Various foods Amount increase with growing Better protein > 40% in total 1-2 cups milk/d 1-2 fruits/d Cereals > 400-500g/d E ratio being 30:40:30 in breakfast:lunch:supper

  14. 中国儿童青少年膳食指南2007 一 三餐定时定量，保证吃好早餐，避免盲目节食 二 吃富含铁和维生素C的食物 适应快速生长 积极预防贫血 三 每天进行充足的户外运动 合成维生素D 促进骨骼肌肉发育 适量运动 避免超重/肥胖 四 不抽烟、不饮酒

  15. Energy balance • Important breakfast • Nutritional lunch in school • Energy divided into 3 meals • Enough fruits & vegetables • Enough good protein Enough actives out door

  16. 5 Nutr-problems in obesity Definition:Body fat increase Normal W：12%/0y 25%/6m 15-18%/20-25%/18y 30-40%/20-50y 50%/ >50y/女 Over W: > 30% Broca BW Indexes:BW,BF,BMI, arm cycle, skinfold

  17. Obesity occurrence 1 Genetic: 遗传性肥胖 2 Unbalanced diet: 单纯性肥胖 E intake > out 3 Diseases:下丘脑垂体病变 Ratio change of T3/T4

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