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Infancy & Childhood. Physical Development. Focus on our physical changes over time. How do brain and motor skills develop?. Good News While in the womb, you produce almost ¼ million brain cells per minute. Bad News That is basically all you are ever going to develop. The Brain and Infancy.
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Physical Development • Focus on our physical changes over time.
How do brain and motor skills develop? Good News • While in the womb, you produce almost ¼ million brain cells per minute. Bad News • That is basically all you are ever going to develop.
The Brain and Infancy • Although the brain does not develop many new cells, the existing cells begin to work more efficiently- forming more complex neural networks.
The Brain & Memory • Infantile amnesia • average age of 1stconscious memory: 3.5 years. • Babies demo implicit memory with rattles, kicking, etc.
Maturation • Physical growth, regardless of the environment. • Although the timing of our growth may be different, the sequence is almost always the same.
Motor Development • Sequence is the same- but once again timing varies. • First learn to roll over, sit up unsupported, crawl, walk etc…
Walking • Walking- in US 25% learn by 11 months, 50% within a week of 1st birthday, 90% by 15 months. • Varies by culture- if the culture emphasizes walking then babies can walk at younger ages (NURTURE). • But identical twins tend to learn to walk on the same day (NATURE).
Stage Theorists • These psychologists believe that we travel from stage to stage throughout our lifetimes.
Cognitive Development • It was thought that kids were just stupid versions of adults. • Then came along Jean Piaget • Kids learn differently than adults
Right now in your head, picture a model. Schemas • Children view the world through schemas (as do adults for the most part). • Schemas are ways we interpret the world around us. • It is basically what you picture in your head when you think of anything. These 3 probably fit into your concept (schema) of a model. But does this one?
If I teach my 3 year that an animal with 4 legs and a tail is a dog…. Assimilation • Incorporating new experiences into existing schemas. What schema would you assimilate this into? Or this? What would he call this?
Assimilation in High School • When you first meet somebody, you will assimilate them into a schema that you already have. • If you see two guys dressed like this, what schema would you assimilate them into? • Would you always be right?
Accommodation • Changing an existing schema to adopt to new information. If I tell someone from the mid-west to picture their schema of the Bronx they may talk about the ghetto areas. But if I showed them other areas of the Bronx, they would be forced to accommodate (change) their schema to incorporate their new information.
Practice: • Schema: Everything with wheels is a truck • Scenario: Child is presented with a bicycle • If he assimilates, he might think… • If he accommodates, he might think…
Practice: • Schema: My parents don’t know what it is like to be a teenager • Scenario: Your grandmother tells you a story about your mother’s rebellious teenage years. • If you assimilate, you might think… • If you accommodate, you might think…
Practice: • Schema: Christopher Columbus was a heroic man who discovered America • Scenario: You read an article in US History about how Columbus and other early settlers mistreated Native Americans • If you assimilate, you might think… • If you accommodate, you might think…
Practice • Come up with your own example of an assimilation and accommodation of a schema! • Maybe something from your own life?
