Introduction

1. Introduction Chapter 1 Dental Materials DAE/DHE 203

2. Enthusiasm for the Subject!! “What other topic could be so much to look forward to??” Student BEFORE Dental Materials class…

3. Physical Reactions… Be careful…. this could happen to you!! “I love Mental Materials!” Student AFTER Dental Materials Class!!

4. Introduction • The Science of Dental Materials • Its importance to our studies • History of Dental Materials • Characteristics of Ideal Dental Materials • Quality Assurance Programs • Identification of Restorations

5. The Science of Dental Materials: • Development & evaluation of materials • Characteristics of the material • Safety and Health • Effectiveness and Duration • Dynamic field in dentistry

6. The Science of Dental Materials: “Why are we studying this field?”

7. History of Dental Materials: • Dating as early as 500 B.C. - present • Metals – gold • Plaster and wax models • Prosthetics of bone, ivory, wax, metals • Porcelains – late 1700’s • Amalgam – early 1800’s • Acrylics – 1940’s • Adhesive dentistry – 1970’s - present

8. The Oral Environment: “What characteristics of the oral environment potentially challenge and place demands upon dental materials?”

9. Characteristics of Ideal Materials: • Biocompatible – • Non-toxic, non-irritating, non-allergenic • Mechanically stable & durable – • Strong, resistant to fracture • Resistant to Corrosion – • Does not deteriorate over time • Dimensionally Stable – • Little change by temperature & solvents

10. Characteristics of Ideal Materials: • Minimal conduction – • Insulates against thermal/electrical change • Esthetic – • Looks like oraltissue • Easy to manipulate – • Minimal/reasonable effort & time needed • Adheres to tissues – • Retains onto, and seals, tooth structure

11. Characteristics of Ideal Materials: • Tasteless and Odorless – • Not unpleasant to patient • Cleanable/Repairable – • Easily maintained or fixed • Cost-effective – • Affordability vs. benefits/disadvantages

12. Quality Assurance: • Food & Drug Administration (FDA) • Ensures safety & efficacy of material/”device” • American Dental Association (ADA) • Council on Scientific Affairs establishes standards and specifications • ADA “seal of acceptance” • Clinical studies when there are no standards • International Standards Organization (ISO)

13. Identification of Restorations: • “Dental Restoration” – • Restoresfunction & appearance of oral structure lost by pathology, injury, or is congenitally missing Examples: • Pathology – caries: filling • Injury – broken tooth: crown • Congenitally Missing: prosthetic (i.e. bridge)

14. Identification of Restorations: • Direct Restoration – • A restoration that is created and placeddirectly into the prep site of the tooth (i.e. amalgam filling, composite filling) • Indirect Restoration – • A restoration that is created outside of the mouth on a model of the prepped tooth and later fixed into the mouth (i.e. gold crown, denture)

15. Direct Fillings: • Usually made of amalgam (“silver” metal) or composite (acrylic) materials • For caries of various degrees; anterior or posterior teeth Posterior amalgam fillings

16. Direct Fillings: Anterior Composite Filling Posterior Composite Filling

17. Crown: • Indirect restoration to replace missing crown of tooth, or protect remaining crown of tooth • Caries, fractures, teeth with RCT, esthetics • Made of porcelain, metals, or both Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) Crown

18. Bridge: • An indirect restoration; to replace one or more missing teeth • “fixed” – not removable; cemented to existing teeth • Made of porcelain, metals, or both • Abutment – the existing tooth/teeth supporting the bridge • Pontic– the replacement tooth

19. Bridge: Pontic Missing tooth – area to be restored Abutments

20. Bridge: Anterior bridge on model Anterior bridge before cementation How many abutment teeth does the patient have?

21. Bridge: Before treatment After bridge cementation

22. FYI: Ancient Egyptian Bridge Gold wire used to hold pontic crowns.

23. Indirect Restorations: • Inlay – • A fabricated restoration made of metal or porcelain that replaces missing tooth structure; does NOT include the restoration of any cusps • Onlay – • A fabricated restoration (as above) that DOES include the restoration of at least one cusp

24. Inlays vs. Onlays: Porcelain Inlays Gold Onlay

25. Veneers: • All-porcelain or acrylic facing for tooth • Primarily used for esthetic reasons • Can alter shape & color of existing tooth

26. Denture: • The removable dental prosthetic used to replace all of the teeth in an arch; patient is edentulous. • Made of acrylic (teeth may be porcelain) • “Partial Denture” – replaces some teeth in the arch; patient is partially edentulous. • Made of acrylic usually with metal substructure and clasps

27. Denture: Full Upper and Lower Denture

28. Denture: Removable Partial Denture metal clasp for retention

29. Endodontic Restorations: • “Endodontic” – “inside” the tooth; root canal treatment (RCT) • Gutta percha – used to fill the canal • Post and Core – • The post is a metal piece that is screwed into and cemented into the root canal • The core is built-up around the post to create more available tooth structure

30. Endodontic Restorations: Post (The core is built upon this post.) Gutta Percha (Silver Points used to be used in the canal as a filler.)

31. Endodontic Restorations: amalgam Build-up unrestored pulp Gutta percha posts

32. Pediatric Restorations: Stainless Steel Crown (SSC): • Prefabricated • Cemented

33. Pediatric Restorations: Space Maintainer: • Holds space where primary tooth was prematurely lost • Stainless steel band/crown with loop • Fabricated outside of the mouth; cemented