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Harnessing IT to Green Buildings - UCB as a Living Laboratory

M onitor. M odel. M itigate. Harnessing IT to Green Buildings - UCB as a Living Laboratory. David E. Culler UCB/IBM Meeting March 19. 2009. What they say about buldings. Source: U.S. Department of Energy 2007 Building Energy Data Book. Sept 2007. The Numbers Tell the Story $370 Billion

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Harnessing IT to Green Buildings - UCB as a Living Laboratory

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  1. Monitor Model Mitigate Harnessing IT to Green Buildings -UCB as a Living Laboratory David E. Culler UCB/IBM Meeting March 19. 2009

  2. What they say about buldings Source: U.S. Department of Energy 2007 Building Energy Data Book. Sept 2007 The Numbers Tell the Story $370 Billion Total U.S. Annual Energy Costs 200% Increase in U.S. Electricity Consumption Since 1990 40% Total U.S. Energy Consumption for Buildings 72% Total U.S. Electricity Consumption for Buildings 55% Total U.S. Natural Gas Consumption for Buildings

  3. Buildings Matter! Buildings construction/renovation contributed 9.5% to US GDP and employs approximately 8 million people. Buildings’ utility bills totaled $370 Billion in 2005. Buildings use 72 % of the electricity and 55 % of the nation’s natural gas. Source: Buildings Energy Data Book 2007

  4. EPA Nat Action Plan for Energy Efficiency • 30% of energy consumed in buildings is wasted • 66% electrical, 34% gas and other • 15.5 kWh per square foot * 2003 EIA Commercial Building Consumption Survey

  5. UCB today • Consumes 210 M kwh annually [campus sustainability assessment] • Buildings measured @ 130 M kwh annually [demandless] • approx $13 M • Top 15 buildings are 2-4 time national average khw/sq ft and constitute 58% of the 130 M • IT is a big part of the problem • IT can potentially be a big part of the solution • We need to gain most of the reduction by utilizing existing facilities better • “Physical” Information processing to identify where the energy goes, what to change and how. • Big gains come from changing Operation Processes • IT is key to providing the energy awareness to guide action

  6. Building Energy and Power Density Stanley LSA Cory McCone Soda Koshland

  7. HVAC & Plug Loads Lighting HVAC / CRU / PDU support Servers / Clusters One example: Soda Hall • Huge baseline load! • 1300 SCADA sense/control points inaccessible for analysis • No clear understanding of what knobs to turn or when ~1200 443

  8. MCM2 ~42 circuits each LP2D 225 LP2C 225 HP7A 400 LP2B 225 HP7A 400 LP2D 225 LP2C 225 HP6A 100 LP2B 225 LP2J 225 HP6A 100 LP2I 225 LP2H 225 LP2G 225 LP2E 225 LP2F 225 LP2K 225 LP2C 225 HP5A 400 LP5B 225 LP2J 225 HP5A 400 LP2I 225 LP2H 225 LP2G 225 LP2E 225 LP2F 225 LP2D 225 LP2C 225 LP2K 225 HP4A 400 LP4B 225 LP2J 225 HP4A 400 LP2I 225 LP2H 225 LP2G 225 LP2E 225 LP2F 225 LP2D 225 2500 A 120/208 3 phase LP2C 225 1200 A 277/480 3 phase HP3A 400 LP3B 225 HP3A 400 LP2E 225 LP2D 225 LP2G 225 LP2C 225 LP2F 225 LP2A 800 LP2B 225 HP2A 600 LP1A 400 LP1B 400 HP1A 400 HP1A 400 MCM1 2x Chiller 2x Substation 12 KV dist. Structural: Soda Electrical Lighting Pumps Fans Machine Rooms Offices Classrooms

  9. Structural: Soda HVAC • Blow cold air throughout building • Maintain circulation • Adjust cooling with vents and VFDs • Heat it where needed • AC determined by needs of the worst heat load • Comm closet Cooling Towers Fans 530 420 340 287 288 290 Machine Room ACCs Pumps 2x chillers

  10. Legacy MonitoringL SCADA • 1300 sense / ctrl points in Soda Hall • Vast database of action / effect • Marooned !!! • No science to turning all the knobs

  11. Research Server Rooms - 443 Machines Ganglia

  12. Server Power Consumption • x 1/PDU efficiency + ACC • If Pidle = 0 we’d save ~125 kw x 24 hours x 365 … • … Do Nothing Well

  13. Working up from the leaves …

  14. Guess this Load … Laptop + monitor Monitor “unplugged” screensaver Windows “turns off” monitor

  15. Composite Power Picture inauguration Projector left On Desktop Idle Clean Shutdown Monitor On, Unplugged

  16. Staged Energy Awareness • Export existing facilities instrumentation into real-time feed and archival physical information base • Retain isolation of facilities control • Augment with Extensive usage-focused sensing • Create highly visible consumer feedback and remediation guidance • Think Pruis, not web page. Localized solutions. • Develop whole-building dynamic models • Mitigation Actions with PFS

  17. Cooperative Continuous Reduction User Demand High-fidelity visibility Facility Mgmt Automated Control Supervisory Control Community Feedback

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