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Planet Jupiter

Planet Jupiter. Fifth planet from Sun. Largest planet. Twice as massive of all the other planets combined. Earth Comparison. Orbit: 5.20 AU Diameter: 11.2 Earths Mass: 318 Earths. History. Jupiter (Jove) was the King of the Gods (Zeus).

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Planet Jupiter

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  1. Planet Jupiter • Fifth planet from Sun. • Largest planet. • Twice as massive of all the other planets combined.

  2. Earth Comparison • Orbit: 5.20 AU • Diameter: 11.2 Earths • Mass: 318 Earths

  3. History • Jupiter (Jove) was the King of the Gods (Zeus). • Fourth brightest object in the sky from Earth. • Known as a “wandering star” since prehistoric times. • Galileo (1610) used telescope to discover four moons.

  4. Moon Preview…

  5. The Moons • Galilean moons are easily visible with binoculars; a few bands and the Great Red Spot can be seen with a small telescope.

  6. Io

  7. Europa

  8. Ganymede

  9. Callisto

  10. Moon Discoveries • The Moons were the first discovery of a center of motion not associated with Earth. • Satellite motions and phases of Venus helped support Copernicus's heliocentric theory.

  11. Jupiter has 67 known satellites; the four large Galilean moons plus many more small ones, some of which have not yet been named.

  12. Harpalyke • Isonoe • Arche Jupiter’s Moon Names • Chaldene • Sponde • Leda • Taygete • Eurydome • Thyone • Erinome • Karpo Named for figures in the life of Zeus, mostly his numerous lovers. Whew! • Io • Ganymede • Callisto • Europa • Aoede • Ananke • Autonoe • Metia • Carme • Themisto • Elara • Eukelade • Amalthea • Aitne • Kale • Sinope • Euanthe • Helike • Kallichore • Pasithee • Thebe • Kalyke • Callirrhoe • Hegemone • Iocaste • Euporie • Adrastea • Mneme • Himalia • Cyllene • Pasipha • Thelxinoe • Megaclite • Lysithea • Orthosie • Hermippe • Praxidike

  13. Visiting Spacecraft Visiting Spacecraft

  14. Pioneer 10 - 1973

  15. Pioneer 11 – 1974

  16. Voyager 1 – 1979 flyby

  17. Voyager 2 - 1980

  18. Ulysses -1992

  19. Galileo

  20. Galileo launched in 1989 and, after 2 gravity assists from Earth… • reached Jupiter in 1995. • It dropped a probe into Jupiter’s atmosphere and…

  21. continued to orbit Jupiter and observe its moons until 2003. • In 2003, it was intentionally flown down into Jupiter’s atmosphere to be destroyed.

  22. On the way, it flew past 2 asteroids including IDA 243 which was discovered to have its own… • moon.

  23. In 2007, the New Horizons space craft flew by Jupiter on its way to Pluto. • It used its instruments to gather data about Jupiter and its moons.

  24. The Juno space craft was launched in 2011. • In 2013, it got a gravity assist during a fly-by of Earth. • Juno will arrive at Jupiter in 2016.

  25. Planet Structure • No solid surface, the gaseous materials simply get denser with depth. • 90% hydrogen • 10% helium • Traces of methane, water, and ammonia. • Similar to primordial Solar Nebula from which the solar system formed. • Saturn has a similar composition. • Uranus and Neptune have much less hydrogen and helium.

  26. Interior – “Core” • Knowledge of Jupiter’s interior is indirect. • Galileo’s atmospheric probe only went to 150 km below the cloud tops. • Jupiter probably has a core of rocky material amounting to 10 to 15 Earth-masses.

  27. Interior – “Mantle" • Liquid metallic hydrogen above the core makes up most of the planet. • This exotic form of hydrogen is possible only at pressures exceeding 4 million Earth atmospheres. • Liquid metallic hydrogen consists of ionized protons and electrons. • It’s an electrical conductor and the source of Jupiter's enormous magnetic field.

  28. Outer “Layer” • The outermost layer is composed primarily of ordinary hydrogen and helium gas. • Also includes: • Water • Carbon Dioxide • Methane • The atmosphere we see is just the very top of this deep layer.

  29. Clouds • Three layers of clouds consist of… • ammonia ice, • ammonium hydrosulfide and… • a mixture of ice and water.

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