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Ship-Shape!

Ship-Shape!. Ship-Shape!. Exploring the physics of ship design. Exploring the physics of ship design. Session outline:. The social and economic benefits of shipping How ships are designed How to test if your ship is doing its job Design and build your very own ship!. Did you know?.

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Ship-Shape!

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  1. Ship-Shape! Ship-Shape! Exploring the physics of ship design Exploring the physics of ship design

  2. Session outline: The social and economic benefits of shipping How ships are designed How to test if your ship is doing its job Design and build your very own ship!

  3. Did you know? British shipping earns the UK economy £162 per second!* *SeaVision UK The Benefits:Shipping in our everyday lives Employs 250,000 in the UK Generates £37 billion to UK economy per year The fishing industry provides us with a good source of protein for our diets • Cargo shipping provides us with 95% of the products we use on a • day-to-day basis

  4. How ships are designedConsidering the shape of ships Two of the most important are: 1 They have to float and stay upright – Looks at Buoyancy and Stability of ships 2 They have to be able to move – Looks at Power (thrust) and Drag on ships When naval architects and marine engineers design and build ships, they have to follow a certain number of rules…

  5. 1 - Buoyancy and Stability Buoyancy Keeping afloat When forces are balanced: Ships float Lower density - greater buoyancy due to higher displacement of surrounding water – Archimedes Stability Staying upright Greater buoyancy – less stable Requires a low centre of gravity Weight Upthrust

  6. 2 - Power (thrust ) and Drag When forces are balanced: ships are stationary Thrust Force = Drag Force However, Ship’s engines must provide enough power (thrust) to overcome drag (water resistance, which is a form of friction) so that: Thrust Force > Drag Force So that ship’s can move through the water and transport cargo from A to B!

  7. Fuel Generating thrust on a ship HEAT Engine Combustion Oxygen HC’s + O2 CO2 + H20 Work done

  8. Vs. Deep Shallow Vs. Low High The Shape of ShipsBuoyancy and Stability How stable and buoyant a ship is has a lot to do with its shape: • Depth of cargo hold • Surface area in contact with water

  9. Vs. Curved Straight edged Vs. Smooth Rough The Shape of ShipsResistance and drag How resistant to drag a ship is has a lot to do with its shape: • Streamlining • Surface texture

  10. So shape clearly has an influence over how good, or efficienta shipis …but how do we test this efficiency?

  11. How to test if your ship is doing its job:a really simple equation How good (efficient) a ship is at doing its job can be measured by the amount of cargo carried per unit fuel, using the really simple equation: Efficiency = Weight of cargo carried (g) Units of fuel used (money)

  12. …because it makes them more: Cost effective: A streamlined shape lowers drag and the amount of fuel needed to provide the power (thrust) to move ships from A to B. Environmentally friendly: lowering the amount of fuel needed to transport ships from A to B means less pollution to the atmosphere and surrounding water.

  13. FRONT (bow) BACK (Stern) Design, build and test your very own ship!The design and build Step 1 – Using your marker pen, draw as accurately as possible a 3D outline of a ship onto your block of foam Step 2 – Cut out your ship shape using the hack saws and safety rulers provided Step 3 – To make your cargo hold, draw a box using your marker pen and score around it using a Stanley knife and safety ruler. Score across the box too. Using a flathead screwdriver, tease the pieces of foam out until you have a cargo hold. Sand the whole design down to a smooth finish and decorate using waterproof marker pens.

  14. Some examples of previously designed ships

  15. Design, build and test your very own ship!The test Stability – Does it float and does it stay upright? Stability testing tank

  16. Design, build and test your very own ship!The test Resistance – How much cargo (metal nuts) can your ship carry for the lowest amount of fuel (money) Bow line (fair test) Towing point (screw) Towing line (cotton thread) Water flow (small bag) (washers) Rubber tubing (Attached to a fast running tap to generate flow) Water exit hole (To keep flow maintained) i.e. how efficient is it!?

  17. Physics in the real world:Exactly how its done in the business! Newcastle University’s Towing Tank

  18. Physics in the real world:Your experiment Efficiency = Weight of cargo carried Units of fuel used (money)

  19. Results

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