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Chapter 9

Chapter 9. Tobacco. Lesson 9.1 The Health Effects of Tobacco Lesson 9.2 Why People Use Tobacco Lesson 9.3 Treating and Preventing Nicotine Addiction. Lesson 9.1. The Health Effects of Tobacco. Warm-Up. Which parts of the body may be damaged by tobacco use over time?.

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Chapter 9

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  1. Chapter 9 Tobacco Lesson 9.1 The Health Effects of Tobacco Lesson 9.2 Why People Use Tobacco Lesson 9.3 Treating and Preventing Nicotine Addiction

  2. Lesson 9.1 The Health Effects of Tobacco

  3. Warm-Up Which parts of the body may be damaged by tobacco use over time? Nervous system Eyes Mouth Lungs Cardiovascular system Digestive system Urinary system Reproductive system • Other affected areas: • Endocrine system • Immune system shutterstock.com/rui vale sousa

  4. Tobacco Products • Leaves of tobacco plants contain nicotine • Nicotine is an addictive, toxic substance thinkstock.com/iStock/nanoqfu

  5. Cigarettes • Most common method of tobacco use • Other methods: cigars, pipes (including hookah pipes), smokeless tobacco, and electronic or e-cigarettes thinkstock.com/iStock/pmphoto

  6. Smokeless Tobacco • Chewing tobacco— strands of tobacco are chewed or held in the mouth • Snuff —finely ground tobacco is inhaled or held in the mouth • Nicotine is absorbed through mouth tissues shutterstock.com/Shane Trotter

  7. Hookah Pipe • As tobacco burns, smoke passes through a water chamber and cools before being inhaled thinkstock.com/iStock/nata789

  8. Electronic Cigarettes • A liquid solution containing nicotine is vaporized and inhaled • Marketed as aid for smokers trying to quit shutterstock.com/Sergey Ash

  9. Myth or Fact? The use of smokeless tobacco, hookah pipes, and e-cigarettes is safer, healthier, and less addictive than smoking cigarettes. MYTH • Fact: Smokeless tobacco is linked to cancers of the oral cavity, throat, and digestive system. • Fact: Hookah smokers are exposed to at least as many toxins as cigarette smokers. • Fact: Each method can cause addiction since each delivers nicotine into the body.

  10. Cardiovascular System • Smokers are twice as likely to die from heart attacks as nonsmokers • Carbon monoxide interferes with the oxygen-carrying ability of red blood cells so the heart receives less oxygen shutterstock.com/BioMedical

  11. How Nicotine Affects the Heart

  12. The Respiratory System • Air travels through the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and into the bronchi in the lungs • Respiratory and cardiovascular systems deliver oxygen to cells and remove and expel carbon dioxide Click here for the “Airflow In and Out of the Lungs” animation Body Scientific International, LLC

  13. Gas Exchange in Lungs Body Scientific International, LLC

  14. Which balloon best represents a smoker’s lung? The balloon on the right is more like a lung damaged by smoking, which can’t hold as much oxygen as a healthy lung Critical Thinking thinkstock.com/iStock/Piotr Marcinski; thinkstock.com/iStock/T.W. van Urk

  15. Lungs: Before and After Smoking • Over time, smoking damages the lungs • The healthy lung (left) belongs to a nonsmoker and the other is that of a smoker • Smoking during the teenage years can stunt the growth of the lungs Science Source/Arthur Glauberman

  16. 70 Carcinogens in Tobacco Smoke Tar Nicotine Carcinogens Carbon Monoxide thinkstock.com/iStock/empire331

  17. Toxic Chemicals Found in Tobacco Products Also Found in… • Embalming fluid • Rat poison • Pesticides • Car exhaust • Lighter fluid • Battery acid • Nail polish remover • Road-paving material • Hair dye • Mothballs • Rocket fuel • Paint • Rubber cement • Battery acid • Household cleaners

  18. Smoking-Related Diseases • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Chronic bronchitis (bronchial tubes become swollen and irritated and pathways to lungs narrowed) • Emphysema (sacs of air in lung tissue are destroyed) • Lung Cancer • Abnormal cells grow rapidly and form a mass of cells, or tumor, that interferes with breathing

  19. Immune System • Smoking weakens immune system — organs, tissues, and cells that fight off disease-causing agents • Smokers get sick more often than nonsmokers Click here for the Unit 4 video, “A Day in the Life” thinkstock.com/iStock/ATIC12

  20. Smokers are popular, sophisticated, and glamorous MYTH Fact: Smokers often have yellow teeth, bad breath, smelly hair and clothes. Fact: Smokers are viewed by other teens as unhealthy, foolish, and not very bright. Myth or Fact? shutterstock.com/Nejron Photo

  21. Impact of Secondhand Smoke • Secondhand smoke is dangerous • To protect the public, smoking is banned in many public areas • Those most harmed by secondhand smoke are infants, children, and pregnant women shutterstock.com/Lester Balajadia

  22. Children and Secondhand Smoke • Children regularly exposed to secondhand smoke have more • respiratory problems, including asthma attacks • ear infections • sore throats shutterstock.com/Elena Kouptsova-Vasic

  23. Pregnant Women and Smoking • Women who smoke while pregnant raise the risk their children will • be born prematurely • have a low birth weight • die of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) • develop behavioral problems thinkstock.com/iStock/Chris Williams

  24. Avoid places where smoking is permitted Don’t accept car rides from people who smoke while driving Ask smokers to go outdoors to smoke Increase indoor air circulation to dissipate smoke Support smokers who want to quit Critical Thinking How can you avoid secondhand smoke? shutterstock.com/Thomas Lauridsen

  25. Lesson 9.2 Why People Use Tobacco

  26. Addiction • Each day in the United States, • 3,200 teenagers smoke their first cigarette • 2,100 teenagers and young adults who were occasional smokers become daily smokers • Yet 9 out of 10 teenagers do not smoke

  27. Four Stages of Substance Abuse

  28. What is a physical versus a psychological dependence? Dependence is physical when the body needs a certain amount of a substance to function normally; psychological dependence causes people to believe they need a substance to feel “normal” Critical Thinking shutterstock.com/studio online

  29. Social Factors • Parents’ attitudes • Friends and peers • Teens who have friends who smoke are much more likely to smoke themselves shutterstock.com/Pavel L Photo and Video

  30. Lesson 9.3 Treating and Preventing Nicotine Addiction

  31. Benefits of Quitting • Within days of quitting, • blood pressure and heart rate decrease • coughing abates • Within a year of quitting, • risk of heart attack and cancer decrease shutterstock.com/Gang Liu

  32. Treating Nicotine Addiction • Nicotine replacement • Examples: Nicotine gum and nicotine patch • Medication • Drugs help smokers cope with withdrawal symptoms shutterstock.com/bikeriderlondon

  33. Treating Nicotine Addiction • Self-Management Strategies • Stimulus control, or avoiding tempting situations • Response substitution, or substituting smoking with stress management, relaxation, and coping skills shutterstock.com/Oguz Dikbakan

  34. What resources can smokers use to quit? Individual and group counseling School guidance counselors Doctors Telephone helplines Online resources Critical Thinking shutterstock.com/Djomas

  35. Prevention • Close to 90% of adults who smoke regularly had their first cigarette by 18 years of age • Prevention is the best way to reduce the smoking rate

  36. Government-Based Strategies • Banning the sale of tobacco products (to people younger than 18 years of age, for example) • Banning smoking in public places • Increasing taxes on cigarettes • Requiring warning labels on packaging • Mass media antismoking campaigns

  37. Disadvantages of Smoking • Many nonsmoking teens view smoking as “gross” • 8 in 10 eighth graders surveyed said they prefer to date people who do not smoke thinkstock.com/iStock/Martin Novak

  38. Smoking and Your Wallet • Pack of cigarettes costs between $5 and $14, depending on local tax rates • Cost of a pack-a-day habit at $7 a pack: • $213 per month • $2,557 per year • $25,570 per decade

  39. Social Costs of Tobacco Use • One-half million adults will die prematurely from smoking this year • Total economic costs due to tobacco are over $289 billion a year • —2014 Surgeon General’s Report shutterstock.com/baur

  40. Research and Calculate Figure out the financial cost of a pack-a-day habit in your area: per month per year per decade Critical Thinking shutterstock.com/Hurst Photo

  41. Refusal Skills • Make sure people know you don’t want to use tobacco or breathe secondhand smoke • Firmly explain your reasons for not smoking and stick to your decision • Imagine situations in which you are offered tobacco and practice your responses

  42. Refusal Phrases • “No, thanks... • I want to keep my lungs in peak condition for [insert sport or activity].” • I don’t want my hair, clothes, and breath to smell like cigarettes.” • I like my lungs. I don’t want to damage them.”

  43. What other words can you use to turn down an offer of a tobacco product? What body language can you use to reinforce your words? shutterstock.com/milias1987

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