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KINGDOM FUNGI . MulticellularMostly terrestrialAbsorptive heterotrophic nutrition.Parasitic, saprophytic or mutualistic.Chitin cell walls.Do not produce flagellated cells.Septate (divided by cross walls)and non septate (no cross walls) hyphae.Vegetative thallus haploid, mycelium. Fungi as D
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3. Fungi as Decomposers
4. Fungal Mycelium
5. Hyphae
6. Predatory Fungi
7. Hyphae
8. Fungal Life Cycle
9. Figure 31.8 Fungi and their close relativesFigure 31.8 Fungi and their close relatives
10. DNA evidence suggests that fungi are most closely related to unicellular nucleariids while animals are most closely related to unicellular choanoflagellates
This suggests that fungi and animals evolved from a common flagellated unicellular ancestor and multicellularity arose separately in the two groups
The oldest undisputed fossils of fungi are only about 460 million years old
11. Figure 31.9 Fossil fungal hyphae and spores from the Ordovician period (about 460 million years ago) (LM)
Figure 31.9 Fossil fungal hyphae and spores from the Ordovician period (about 460 million years ago) (LM)
12. Microsporidia Unicellular
Parasites of Animals and Protists
They have tiny organelles derived from mitochondria but not conventional mitochondria
Molecular comparisons indicate they may be closely related to fungi
Parasitic Lifestyle
13. Figure 31.10 A eukaryotic cell infected by microsporidiaFigure 31.10 A eukaryotic cell infected by microsporidia
14. Figure 31.11 Fungal diversityFigure 31.11 Fungal diversity
16. Phylum Chytridiomycota
17. Phylum Chytridiomycota
20. Rhizopus
21. Rhizopus Sexual reproduction
22. PHYLUM GLOMEROMYCOTA Previously With Zygomycota
Small Monophyletic Clade
Endomycorrhizae Arbuscular Mycorrhizae
Produce branching Arbuscules
23. Figure 31.15 Arbuscular mycorrhizaeFigure 31.15 Arbuscular mycorrhizae
28. Ascomycota Types
29. Aspergillus
30. Ascomycota - Structure
32. Basidiomycota Types
33. Figure 31.18 Basidiomycetes (club fungi)Figure 31.18 Basidiomycetes (club fungi)
36. Mushrooms
37. Basidiospores
40. Figure 31.25 Examples of fungal diseases of plants
For the Discovery Video Fungi, go to Animation and Video Files.
Figure 31.25 Examples of fungal diseases of plants
For the Discovery Video Fungi, go to Animation and Video Files.
41. Figure 31.25 Examples of fungal diseases of plants
Figure 31.25 Examples of fungal diseases of plants
42. Figure 31.25 Examples of fungal diseases of plants
Figure 31.25 Examples of fungal diseases of plants
43. Figure 31.25 Examples of fungal diseases of plants
Figure 31.25 Examples of fungal diseases of plants
44. Figure 31.22 Fungus-gardening insects
For the Discovery Video Leafcutter Ants, go to Animation and Video Files.
Figure 31.22 Fungus-gardening insects
For the Discovery Video Leafcutter Ants, go to Animation and Video Files.
45. Figure 31.24 Anatomy of an ascomycete lichen (colorized SEM)Figure 31.24 Anatomy of an ascomycete lichen (colorized SEM)
47. Figure 31.23 Variation in lichen growth formsFigure 31.23 Variation in lichen growth forms
48. The Two Main Types of Mycorrhizae In ectomycorrhizae, the mycelium of the fungus forms a dense sheath over the surface of the root
These hyphae form a network in the apoplast, but do not penetrate the root cells
49. Mycorrhizae
50. Figure 37.12a MycorrhizaeFigure 37.12a Mycorrhizae
51. In arbuscular mycorrhizae, microscopic fungal hyphae extend into the root
These mycorrhizae penetrate the cell wall but not the plasma membrane to form branched arbuscules within root cells
52. Figure 37.12b MycorrhizaeFigure 37.12b Mycorrhizae
