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Effective Argument

Presented By Dr / Said Said Elshama. Effective Argument. Identify the argument. Define argument elements. Determine efficient claim characters. Identify features of argument. What are effective argument appeals? How do you organize the argument ?. Learning objectives.

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Effective Argument

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  1. Presented By Dr / Said Said Elshama Effective Argument

  2. Identify the argument. Define argument elements. Determine efficient claim characters. Identify features of argument. What are effective argument appeals? How do you organize the argument ? Learning objectives

  3. Argument is claim or proposition establishing process. It is proved by using the logical reasoning. It consists of conclusion and reasons (premises). Its purpose is convincing or persuasion. Effective argument is well-structure, persuasive and significant. Definition

  4. Claim What is your position for the issue? What do you try to prove? Reason or Support What is your supporting evidence? Elements of argument Opposition to claim What is opposing argument? Warrant What do the reader get out the argument ?

  5. Contestable Significant Interpretive Specific Reasonable Characters of Efficient Claim

  6. Features of argument Author's position Propositions and reasons Line of reasoning Conclusion Persuasion Use of signal words

  7. Ethos Influencing by authority Logos Influencing by reasons Pathos Influencing by emotions Effective Argument Appeals How to appeal the audience to convince by your argument?

  8. Ethos It is appeal to sense of reader “Credibility” It is achieved by:- Examples displaying Opposition expectation Clear presentation of Author's position Evidence presentation Using a opposing sources

  9. Logos It is appeal to logic of reader. It is achieved by:- (2) Providing the evidence, facts, examples (1) Full presentation of issue

  10. Pathos It appeals emotions of the reader It is achieved by dependence on the following:- (2) Fears (3) Shared values (1) Experiences

  11. How do you organize the argument ? Title Introduction Thesis statement ParagraphsConstruct topic statements Build the main points Counter the opposition Conclusion

  12. Construct an argument about organ donation. Set strategy for convincing the audience by your position. Steps : 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- Example

  13. Effective argument Conclusion Arguable claim & Thesis Supporting reasons & Evidence Appeal the audience to agree with your argument

  14. Open Discussion Answer Question?

  15. Cottrell, S. (2005). Critical thinking skills: Developing effective analysis and argument. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, Chapter 4-7. • The structure of argument. Introduction to logic,philosophy.lander.edu/logic/structure.html • Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2010). The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools, Dillon Beach: Foundation for Critical Thinking Press. • Rottenberg, A., & Winchell, DH. (2011). The structure of argument, Bedford/St. Martin, ISBN 0312650698, 9780312650698. . References

  16. Thank you Thank you Thank you Thank you

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