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CAPT Science Review:

CAPT Science Review:. A review of Studies in Science A review of Biology. Parts of an atom. Periodic Table. Laws of Conservation of Matter and Energy. Matter is never created or destroyed, it is only changed from one state to another Energy is never created or destroyed,

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CAPT Science Review:

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  1. CAPT Science Review: • A review of Studies in Science • A review of Biology

  2. Parts of an atom

  3. Periodic Table

  4. Laws of Conservation of Matter and Energy • Matter is never created or destroyed, it is only changed from one state to another • Energy is never created or destroyed, it is only changed from one type to another

  5. States of matter

  6. Changes of state

  7. Physical Changes • A physical change does not change the molecular formula • Examples include cutting hair, mowing grass, breaking glass, freezing, melting, boiling

  8. Chemical Changes • A chemical change changes the molecular formula of a substance. • Examples include burning, rusting, cooking, bleaching

  9. Bonding of atoms • Atoms attach to one another based on the number and position of their electrons to form new compounds. • Two main types of bonding include: Ionic – Metal to nonmetal one atom gives up electrons to another atom Covalent – Nonmetal to nonmetal two atoms share electrons

  10. Ionic bonds

  11. Stay awake or else…

  12. Covalent bonds

  13. Reading chemical equations

  14. Factoring chemical equations

  15. Chemical reactions • Many different types of chemical reactions can occur when various materials come in contact with one another. • Three main types of chemical reactions are: Synthesis Decomposition Combustion

  16. Synthesis Two or more substance combine to form one substance

  17. Decomposition One substance breaks down into two or more substances

  18. Combustion A hydrocarbon and oxygen form water and a carbon product. Burning wood is a form of combustion.

  19. Polymers • Large chains of molecules covalently bonded • Plastics are a well-known manmade polymer

  20. Acids Bases

  21. Acids – sour and conduct electricity pH 1 - 6

  22. Bases – bitter, slippery, used as cleaners pH 8 - 14

  23. Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of a material’s molecules. The more energy the higher the temperature

  24. Cuteness break…

  25. Heat moves 3 ways from areas of high energy to low energy

  26. Electromagnetism We can make magnets using electricity and we make electricity using spinning magnets.

  27. Magnetism Magnets always have 2 poles. Magnetic force gets stronger as one gets closer to the magnet.

  28. Electricity Electricity is the movement of electrons along a conductive material such as wire covered with an insulating material.

  29. Ohm’s Law Voltage Current = Resistance Voltage =strength of electrical current Current =speed of electric charge Resistance=opposition to the flow of electricity

  30. Types of circuits: Series circuit Electricity travels along one path and a break in the wire cuts power to all devices on the circuit.

  31. Types of circuits: Parallel circuit Electricity travels along several different paths and a break in the wire may only limit power to a single device on the circuit.

  32. Nonrenewable energy • Fossil fuels (oil, natural gas) • Nuclear fission (splitting atoms) • Nuclear fusion (joining atoms)

  33. Renewable energy • Wind power Biomass fuels • Water power Hydrogen fuel cells • Geothermal

  34. They can smell your brains…

  35. Air pollution • Smog • Excessive Greenhouse gases

  36. Global climate change • The greenhouse effect, which has always been a benefit, is now increasing to dangerous levels.

  37. Water pollution • Acid rain • Eutrophication (from agricultural waste)

  38. Soil pollution • Unbalanced pH (from agriculture: pesticides, and fertilizer) • Landfills (from human garbage) • Brownfields (toxic substances from industry)

  39. Biology: The study of life

  40. Scientific method

  41. Light microscope functions

  42. Cell theory & Robert Hooke • All living things are composed • of cells. • Cells give form and function • to living things. • Cells come from other living cells

  43. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells No nucleus Nucleus

  44. And what might this be?

  45. Plant vs. Animal Cells

  46. Cell organelles

  47. Levels of cell organizations

  48. Cell membrane The cell membrane is a selectively permeable lipid bilayer with carrier proteins embedded in it.

  49. Passive and active transport Passive transport requires no energy (high to low) Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP

  50. Osmosis in different solutions

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