The End of the Revolution

1. The End of the Revolution

2. The Treaty of Paris 1783 • After the Battle of Yorktown in 1781, an official peace treaty needed to be negotiated and signed. • A peace treaty is a document that negotiates the terms of agreement after a war. • This document usually indicates who the victor is, and what fundament rights, territory, military sizes, and political rights they will get for being victorious. • Peace negotiations for the American Revolution began in April of 1782 in Paris France. • The Americans sent Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Henry Laurens and John Adams. • The British sent David Hartley and Richard Oswald

3. Negotiations/Diplomacy • When going into negotiations – any type of negotiations – you must have: • a list of demands that you need to achieve, • demands that you would like and, • demands that would be nice but you really do not need. • You also must recognize what kind of demands the opposition is going to ask of you. You have to be prepared to hear out what they want. • Ultimately you are to find common ground and civility to hash out a treaty.

4. Negotiations/Diplomacy • Delegates from both sides set up meeting times to negotiate what they want. • These meeting were held in Paris, France at the Hotel d’York. • For the most part the Americans just wanted independence from Great Britain, for Great Britain to recognized the Declaration of Independence, to expand their territory eastward and to forget past disagreements and to move forward to two sovereign nations. • The American’s (most Benjamin Franklin) wanted to expand their territory northward into Eastern Canada (Quebec) and eventually up to the Maritimes. • This would be one of those hopeful wishes. Great Britain adamantly refused and as such Franklin dropped the issue.

5. The Ten Key Points Declares the treaty to be "in the name of the most holy and undivided Trinity," states the bona fides of the signatories, and declares the intention of both parties to "forget all past misunderstandings and differences" and "secure to both perpetual peace and harmony." • Acknowledging the United States (viz. the Colonies) to be free, sovereign and independent states, and that the British Crown and all heirs and successors relinquish claims to the Government, property, and territorial rights of the same, and ever part thereof; • Establishing the boundaries between the United States and British North America; • Granting fishing rights to United States fishermen in the Grand Banks, off the coast of Newfoundland and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence; • Recognizing the lawful contracted debts to be paid to creditors on either side;

6. Ten Key Points • The Congress of the Confederation will “earnestly recommend” to state legislatures to recognize the rightful owners of all confiscated lands “provide for the restitution of all estates, rights and properties, which have been confiscated belonging to real British subjects [Loyalists]; • United States will prevent future confiscations of the property of Loyalists; • Prisoners of war on both sides are to be released and all property left by the British army in the United States unmolested (including slaves); • Great Britain and the United States were each to be given perpetual access to the Mississippi River; • Territories captured by Americans subsequent to treaty will be returned without compensation; • Ratification of the treaty was to occur within six months from the signing by the contracting parties.

7. Loyalists? • Not all American supported the revolution, those who didn’t were Loyalists. • Approximately one in five (1 in 5) were in favour of British rule, traditions, and etc… • Loyalists were persecuted by Patriots – supporters of the American Revolution. • Patriots not only ridiculed Loyalists, but they burnt their homes, farms and destroyed their private property.

8. Boston Storekeepers Point of View • A storekeeper in Boston observed the Patriots and said, • “It always seemed strange to me that people who (fight) so much for … liberty should be so ready to deprive others of their natural liberty; that men who are guarding against being subject to laws (to) which they never gave their consent in person or by their representative should at the same time make laws, and… execute them upon me and others, to which laws I am sure I never gave my consent either in person or by my representative.” • How would you feel if your land, property and etc.. Were destroyed because you had a different point of view?

9. Go North • During the American Revolution and up to the signing of the Treaty of Paris 1783, Loyalists would move to Canada. • Canada, which was loyal to Great Britain and a supporter of the British government, welcomed Loyalists. • Approximately 43,000 moved into Ontario, 8,000 went to the Maritime Colonies • Most Loyalists that moved to Ontario moved to what we now now know as Kingston, Ontario and its surrounding area.

10. Go North • Franco – Canadians were not a fan of this huge influx of British Loyalists. • This was mostly because theBritish Loyalists had a negative bias towards France, and as such had a disdain for French Canadians. • Because of the places the Loyalists moved to, the Loyalists feelings towards the French and British desire to keep the peace in Canada –five separate colonies were recognized (pg 310) • 1) Upper Canada (Now-a-day Southern and Eastern Ontario) • 2) Lower Canada (Now-a-day Northern and Western Quebec) • 3) New Brunswick • 4) Prince Edward Island • 5) Nova Scotia

11. Joseph Brandt • Read page 311 on Joseph Brandt and the Mohawks.