1 / 16

2.1 Lexical Features of Newspaper English 2.1.1Condensed word often used

2.1 Lexical Features of Newspaper English 2.1.1Condensed word often used. Eg. Aid for Tsunami Victims (援助海啸受害者) (这里用 aid 代替 assist ) China Vows to Ensure Food, Drug Safety (中国决心确保食品药物的安全) (这里用 vow 代替 determine )

silvio
Download Presentation

2.1 Lexical Features of Newspaper English 2.1.1Condensed word often used

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. 2.1 Lexical Features of Newspaper English 2.1.1Condensed word often used • Eg. Aid for Tsunami Victims (援助海啸受害者) • (这里用aid代替assist) • China Vows to Ensure Food, Drug Safety (中国决心确保食品药物的安全) • (这里用vow 代替determine) • Guangdong strives to cut costs for foreign investors (广东决心减少外国投资者各项费用) • (这里用cut代替reduce) • UK Parliament rejects a bid for wage increase (英国议会拒绝加薪要求) • (这里bid代替的是proposal) • 17 Die in Hotel Blaze (旅馆失火 17人丧生) • (这里用blaze代替conflagration火灾)

  2. 2.1.2 New Words Constantly Appear • Eg. • [1] China’s first taikonaut safely returns to earth. • 译文:中国第一个航天员安全返回地球。 • [2] This past June, Congress authorized $2 million in seed money for a fund-raising campaign. • 译文:今年6月,国会批准了一笔200万美元的启动资金,以发起一场募集基金的运动。 • [3] Tough new antiterrorism laws are overriding fundamental civil rights and liberties, and racial profiling is now official police policy. • 译文:严厉的新反恐法律正在践踏基本的民权和自由,同时,以种族特征来区分是否是恐怖疑犯也正式列入了警方的条文。

  3. 再举数例:money laundering(洗钱),blackout(停电),bioterrorism(生物恐怖主义),buzz(兴奋,陶醉),debut(开始),foot-and-mouth disease(口蹄疫),hula hoop(呼拉圈),gay bar(同性恋者酒吧),computernik(电脑专家),folknik(民歌谜),jobnik(工作狂),kickback(回扣),knockout/ hit product(拳头产品),cluster bomb(集束炸弹),scud missile(飞毛腿导弹),sandstorm(沙尘暴),sleep-in(占据公共场所的静卧示威),wed-in(集体婚礼),the oil-for-food programme(石油换食品计划),the land-for-security deal(土地换安全协议)。

  4. 2.1.3 Lots of word expressing “说” • 表示“说”的近义词有:acknowledge(承认),admit(承认),add(补充说),affirm(肯定),allege(宣称),agree(同意),analyze (分析),announce(宣布),argue(争辩,主张),answer(答道),assert(宣称,断言),boast(夸口说),claim(声称),complain(抱怨道),concede(承认),consider(认为),confess(供认,承认),continue(继续说),contradict(反驳,否定),conclude(断定,下结论),contend(争辩),declare(声明,声称),deny(否认),dwell on(详细讲述),disagree(不同意),describe…as(把……说成),disclose(透露),elaborate(详细述说),emphasize(强调),exclaim(大声说),explain(解释),imply(暗示),insist(坚持说),joke(开玩笑说),maintain(主张,认为),object(反对说),observe(评论),promise(答应),pledge(保证),proclaim(宣告,声明),protest(抗议),quote…as saying(援引……说),recount(详细讲述,列举),repeat(重复说),reaffirm(重申),remark(议论),reply(回答),refute(反驳),retort(反诘),reveal(透露),state(说,声辩),stress(强调), suggest(建议),urge(敦促,力劝)。

  5. 2.1.4 Loaned Words • Eg. [4] Hong Kong expects bull run. • 译文:香港经济渴望回升。 • [5] Washington and Moscow still dominate arms market. • 译文:美国和俄罗斯仍控制着军火市场。 • [6] In line with such thinking, President Clinton argued last week for continued American assistance for the Kremlin’s economic reform. • 译文:根据这样的想法,克林顿总统上周为继续援助俄罗斯政府的经济改革进行辩解。 • [7] $227 Billion Tax on Crude Oil Is Cleared by Hill. • 译文:原油征税2270亿美元,已获国会通过。

  6. 2.1.5 Vague Words • 模糊词语是指具有不确定的外延的词语,其模糊性是语言本身所固有的。许多语言中都有大量的模糊限制语,如汉语的“大约”、“左右”、“也许”、“大概”、“说不定”等;英语中的about,probably,many,more or less,roughly,somewhat,basically,almost,in a sense,relatively,commonly等。 • At least 35 people perished last week when a truck erupted in flames deep inside the Mont Blane tunnel that links France and Italy. The fire quickly engulfed some 30 other vehicles and burned for two days before firefighters finally put it out. • (Newsweek, April 5, 1999) • 译文:至少有35人在上周发生的卡车事故中死亡,卡车是在连接法国和意大利的Blane山隧道深处起火爆炸的。大火迅速吞没了其他30辆车辆,在最后消防队员把它扑灭时大火已经持续了两天。 • [9] GUANGZHOU——Police in Guangdong Province are investigating an organized cheating operation in Dianbai County of the province, during national college entrance exams. The exams lasted from Friday to Sunday. Among the suspects were a high school teacher, who was also an invigilator, three students caught cheating and eight people who sold the answers. • (China Daily, July 9, 2000) • 译文:广州——广东警方正在着手调查电白县有组织的高考舞弊案。高考从周五持续到周日。涉嫌作弊人员有一名中学教师,同时也是监考人员,三名当场被抓的作弊学生以及八位涉嫌兜售答案的人员。

  7. 2.1.6 Slangy Words and Expressions and Common sayings • Eg. • [10] Luxury cars steal the show in NYC. • 译文:豪华汽车在纽约引人注目。 • [11] Loopholes in the proposed tax law could mean that it is in for a bumpy ride when it goes before the Senate, and may even be quashed by a presidential vote. • 译文:提交的税法漏洞百出,被参议院通过的前景十分艰难,甚至还有可能被总统否决。 • [12] US warplanes rained bombs on Kandahar. • 译文:美国战机倾盆暴雨般地轰炸坎达哈。 • [13] German insurance giant set to axe 700 jobs. • 译文:德国最大保险公司计划裁员700。 • [14] The war and other difficulties dog the Arab summit. • 译文:战争以及其他困难问题缠住了阿拉伯最高级会议。

  8. 2.1.7 Exotic Words • 如blitz([德语]闪电似的动作),visa([法语]签证),kungfu([汉语]功夫),hutong([汉语]胡同)等。英语在其演变过程中吸收了大量的外来语,其数目约占英语词汇总数的80%。有统计表明,在总数约20,000个常用英语词语中,大约五分之三是外来词语。例如: • [15] Katrina was a big, vicious storm, it must be said. But Katrina was not the worst-case scenario. • 译文:卡特里娜的确是一场造成损失的大风暴。然而,卡特里娜造成的破坏还不是最糟糕的情形。 • [16] Some of the efforts made at first seemed oddly ad hoc. • 译文:最初的一些措施看上去只是权宜之计。

  9. 类似的常用外来词语还有很多,如:attache([法语]随员),bloc([法语]集团;政治组织),chauvinism([法语]沙文主义),cliché([法语]陈词滥调;老一套),en route([法语]在途中),per annum([拉丁语]每年),per capita([拉丁语]人均),regime([法语]政权;政体),rendezvous([法语]会晤),resume([法语]摘要;概要),status quo([拉丁语]现状),glasnost([俄语]公开性,开放),jujitsu([日语]柔术),judo([日语]柔道),karate([日语]空手道),laisses-faire([法语]自由主义),rapport([法语]和睦,友好),sumo([日语]相扑),tai chi chuan([汉语]太极拳),tsunami([日语]海啸),tycoon([日语]巨头)

  10. 2.1.8 Words from Chinese • [17] NPC to put “Three Represents” into Constitute • 译文:全国人大将“三个代表”写入宪法 • [18] Hukou system must reform step by step • 译文:户籍制度必须逐步改革 • [19] The central government called on every region to develop its own export-oriented hit products according to its local advantages and characteristic. • 译文:中央政府号召各地利用本地优势和特点开发当地的出口型拳头产品。 • 以上三个例句中划线部分的词语都属于中国特有的事物,这些词语的英译也逐步融入英语词汇中。类似的例子还有:qipao(旗袍),Eight Honors and Eight Disgraces(八荣八耻),live in harmony(和谐相处),all-win harmony(和谐共赢),one-stop service(“一站式”办公),Talk Politics(讲政治),Bringing Culture/ Science and Technology/ Hygienic Health to the Countryside(“三下乡”),start up business endeavour(下海),network of personal connections(关系网),rip off(宰客), monetary allocation of housing(货币分房), be responsible for one’s own profit and loss(自负盈亏),pay New Year call(拜年), relocated families(搬迁户),shopping basket program(菜篮子工程), agricultural people to be given non-agricultural status(农转非),arbitrary charges, fund-raising quotas and fines(乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款),banquet at public expenses(公款吃喝),“A Hundred Patriotic Films/ Songs/ Books” List(“三个一百”),等等。

  11. 2.2 Translation of Words in News • 2.2.1 Literal Translation • 例如:Internet bar—网吧,gene therapy—基因疗法,mad cow disease—疯牛病,Gulf War syndrome—海湾战争综合症,tube baby—试管婴儿,hot dog—热狗,green card—绿卡,white-collar worker—白领工人,soft-landing—软着陆,等等。

  12. 2.2.2 Equivalent words • 如:“political campaign”不应翻译成“政治运动”,实际上“political campaign”是“竞选活动”的意思;“boy-toy”不应翻译成“男孩玩具”,而是指“被男人当作取乐工具的女子”或被视为“取乐工具的男伴”;“heartman”不应翻译成“心脏人”,而应该翻译为“换心人”;“cash crops”不应翻译成“现金作物”,而应翻译成“经济作物”。

  13. 2.2.3 Liberal Translation • 例如:“suicide hotline”若直译为“自杀热线”就令人莫名其妙,难道还有教人自杀的热线?其实这类热线的初衷是为帮助有自杀企图的人打消这一念头,重新恢复生活的信心和勇气,所以翻译时加上“救助”两字,译成“自杀救助热线”,意思就明了了。再如“atomic veteran”或 “atomic vet”这一常见报端的新词,若直译为“原子老兵”则含义不明,因此可采用直译加同谓语的方法,即“原子退伍老兵,指受到核武器或核试验辐射的退伍兵”。 又如:We have thought about a golden hello and one of our divisions is very keen indeed. 这是《时代》(Times)周刊在报道英国一家公司准备采取激励雇员的措施时所写的一句话。在汉语中没有“golden hello”的等值对应词,这里不仅要将“golden hello”意译成“丰厚的见面礼”,而且要补充说明是“专门给新员工的见面礼”。全句译为:我们已考虑给新员工发放丰厚的见面礼,而且我们的一个部门对此十分热心。

  14. The abuse of basic human rights in their own country in violation of the agreement reached at Helsinki earned them the condemnation of freedom-loving people everywhere. • 译文:他们违反在赫尔辛基达成的协议,在国内侵犯基本人权,因此受到了各地热爱自由的人们的谴责。 • 原文中的abuse和condemnation都是名词,如果在译文中仍保留名词,译文的表达习惯显然不被读者所接受。将这两个名词转译为动词后,既可突出其意义,又可使译文表达更为通畅,从而准确传达出原文的语气和风格。

  15. 2.2.4 Conversion • 词类转换是指在翻译过程中,将源语中的一种词性的词语用目的语中另一种词性的词语进行翻译的方法。换言之,当翻译中词语的词性在所涉及的两种语言中出现不对应时,就出现了词类转换。在英汉翻译中,词类转换的翻译方法是必不可少的,孙致礼(2003:81)指出“离开必要的词性转换,势必会导致生硬拗口,甚至晦涩难懂的译文”。例如: • [21] The abuse of basic human rights in their own country in violation of the agreement reached at Helsinki earned them the condemnation of freedom-loving people everywhere. • 译文:他们违反在赫尔辛基达成的协议,在国内侵犯基本人权,因此受到了各地热爱自由的人们的谴责。 • 原文中的abuse和condemnation都是名词,如果在译文中仍保留名词,译文的表达习惯显然不被读者所接受。将这两个名词转译为动词后,既可突出其意义,又可使译文表达更为通畅,从而准确传达出原文的语气和风格。

  16. 2.2.5 Transliteration • 音译法也是英语新闻词语翻译过程中最常采用的一种方法。音译指的是根据英语新词的读音巧妙地译成汉语的对应词。音译的词语,一方面保持了原词语的原汁原味,另一方面又琅琅上口,便于记忆。例如,clone被音译为“克隆”,hacker被音译为“黑客”,cool被音译为“酷”,talk show被音译为“脱口秀”,mousse被音译为“模丝”,等等。 • Homework: • Page 25 • Ex. Two

More Related