Italian and European Institutions

1. Italian and European Institutions Liceo Scientifico “Albert Einstein Cervignano del Friuli” Classe 3C GROUP: Virgolini Teacher: Marilena Beltramini

2. Institutions • The Italian Parliament, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union • The Italian Government and the European Commission • The Italian Constitutional Court and the European Court of Justice CREDITS

3. The Italian Parliament Bicameral legislature TASKS • Legislative function • Function of constitutional review • Function of control and address • Function of inquiry Lower House Upper House The Chamber of Deputies The Senate Palazzo Madama Universal Suffrage Palazzo Montecitorio Composition: 315 members (for 5 years) (over 40) Composition: 630 members (for 5 years) (over 25) Proposals: . People (50000 signatures) . Parliament . Government . Other Organizations

4. The European Parliament Sited in Strasburg or Bruxelles Composition: 732 Deputies (for 5 years) (over 18-25) • Universal Suffrage • - Elected by all the citizens of the EU . Consultation . Cooperation procedure . Conformity opinion . Co-decision procedure TASKS • Legislative function • Democratic supervision • Purse power Proposals: . Commissions . Political Groups

5. The Council of The E.U. LEGISLATURE central decision-making body Collaborate with: Committee of Permanent Representatives - Coordinate the broad economic policies of the Member States - Legislative power on a wide range of EU issues - Authorise, oversee and conclude international agreements - Budgetary authority - Take decisions relating to the framing and implementations of the common foreign and security policy - Coordinate the activities of the Member States and adopt measures in the field of police and judicial cooperation Prepares Council Work Composition: (for 6 months) Member Sates ministers with different professional capacities Secretary General Support Council Work QMV Vote System QMV Vote System TASKS

6. Comparison COMPOSITION • Italian Parliament is made up of the Chamber of Deputies (Lower House) and the Senate (Upper House). The Lower House is made up of 630 members who must be over 18 while the Upper House is composed of 315 members who must be over 40. • There are 732 deputies in the European Parliament, they are in charge for 5 years and their minimum ages differ from nation to nation (from 18 to 25). • The Council of the EU is made up of the ministers of the Member States having different competences who hold their office for 6 months.

7. Comparison TASKS The Council of EU: • Coordinating broad economy • Legislative power (limited on a wide range of EU issues) • Authorizing and concluding oversea and international agreements • Budgetary authority • Making decisions about foreign and security policy • Coordinating the activities of Member States and adopting measures in the field of police and judicial cooperation The Italian Parliament: • Legislative function • Constitutional reviewing • Controlling and addressing • Function of Inquiry The European Parliament: • Legislative function • Democratic supervision • Purse power

8. Comparison Summing Up: Institutions are different as for composition (the Council has a different composition and election system, the Italian Parliament is a bicameral legislature, while the European has got an only chamber). The Council’ s work focusses on Member States interaction, the European Parliament works to ensure a Democratic and an Institutional Supervision, in some points they cooperate: for example in the business field. The main point in common between all the institutions is the legislative function.

9. The Italian Government Constitutional Institution Sited in Palazzo Chigi “Ministers have to swear in the hands of the President of the Republic. After that, they have to obtain the trust of the Parliament” • First Ministers • Second Ministers • Ministries • Undersecretaries • Ministers whithin or whithout purse Composition: (for 5 years or less) Made up of many bureaus • Executive function • Emanate decrees that have a law strength. • Represent Italy on international stages TASKS

10. The European Commission Administrative body of the EU Composition: (for 5 years) The Commission President Commissioners Commissioners are important political persons proposed by their Member States. • Proposes legislation to Parliament and the Council • Executive implementation of EU policies • Supervises that directives are upheld and implemented • Responsible for the general financial management of the EU • Represents the European Union on international stages TASKS The C. President is designed by Member States Governments, and approved by the EU Parliament Control the European Integration

11. Comparison COMPOSITION • The European Commission is made up of 25 commissioners and the President. Commissioners hold their office for five years and they are proposed by Member States. • The Italian Government is made up of Ministers, Second Ministers and Undersecretaries. They are may hold their office for 5 years.

12. Comparison TASKS The Italian Government: • Executive function • Emanating decrees • Representing Italy on international level The European Commission: • Executive function • Managing and implementing common european polices • Managing the budget • Representing the European Union on international stages • Reinfocing the laws of EU

13. Comparison Summing up: The Commission and the Italian Government have both the executive power, and similar subtasks. Both institutions have got a President, that must be approved by the Parliament. In my opinion the main difference is that commissioners are chosen by the Member States while Italian ministers are not chosen by regions, but summoned as a consequence of their victory during the parliamentary majority elections. A further difference is that the Commission supervises the financial management of the EU, in Italy it is the Parliament that does it.

14. The Constitutional Court Sited in the Palazzo della Consulta Supreme Institution of the Italian Republic 1/3Elected by the President of the Republic 1/3Elected by the Parliament 1/3Elected by ordinary and administrative supreme magistrates • Composition: • 15 members • (for 9 years) • (over 20 years) • No institution can invalidate a constitutional decision • The Court can invalidate laws even if they’re already in use • The Constitutional Court has to respect only the Italian Constitution • To judge about the laws and acts regularity controversy • To judge power conflicts between the State and the Regions • To judge accusations to the Republic President TASKS

15. The European Court of Justice Legal System Court of first instance Composition: (for 6 years) 8 general advocates 25 judges It collaborates with CALLED THROUGH • Direct petitions • The preliminary rulings procedure • Power of jurisdiction • Make sure that Community law is upheld • Rule on legal disputes between Member States, between the EU and Member States, between EU institutions and authorities and between individual citizens and the EU TASKS The President of the Court is appointed by the 25 judges (for 3 years)

16. Comparison COMPOSITION • The European Court of Justice is composed of 25 judges and 8 general lawyers who hold their office for 6 years. The President of the court is elected by the judges and the lawyers and his office lasts for 3 years. • The Constitutional Court is made up of 15 judges (1/3 elected by Parliament, 1/3 by the President of the Republic and 1/3 by the highest ordinary and administrative magistrates) and they keep their office for 9 years. They must have gained over 20 years of experience in their job.

17. Comparison TASKS The Italian Constitutional Court: • Power of jurisdiction • Checking respect of Community law • Ruling on legal disputes between: Member States,EU/Member States, EU/institutions and authorities, individual citizens/EU The European Court of Justice: • Judging over controversies • Judging power disputes between the State and the Regions • Judging accusations to the Republic President

18. Comparison Summing up: As we can see there are some differences in the composition of the institutions, but after all they are very similar: they both exercise the Juridical power and are both supreme institutions that have to judge others and observe only the main rules of the constitutions. In addition the Constitutional Court has the role of judging accusations to the Republic President.

19. Credits • Aschettino Alessandro • Campana Andrea • Virgolin Marco (the King) • Vrizzi Manuel We thank you for your “attention” (?).