Global Water Partnership Southeast Asia UN Conference Centre, Bangkok September 21, 2011

1. EVALUATION OF THE STATUS OFIWRM IMPLEMENTATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 2000 -2010: POLICY, LEGISLATION & INSTITUTION Global Water Partnership Southeast Asia UN Conference Centre, Bangkok September 21, 2011

2. THE PHILIPPINE REPORT Prepared by: Dr. Jessica Calfoforo Salas Philippine Water Partnership

3. Contents • Objective • Methodology • Summary of Findings • Policy • Legislations • Institutions • Way Forward

4. Objectives, methodology, limitations

5. Objective • To assess IWRM implementation with respect to policy, legal and institutional aspects for years 2000 to 2010. • Output will be an input to • Southeast Asia Water Security Roadmapand • Philippine Water Security Roadmap.

6. Evaluation Framework

7. Methods: • The Inception Report was circulated for comments and approval. • Initial data for water resource condition, supplied by PWP members or accessed from their reports and websites comprised the first draft (Part II), was circulated for comments and presented in the first workshop. • Instruments: a checklist and unstructured interview were used for purposive data gathering to attain the objective of the study. Eighteen (18) cases were reviewed. • The first draft of Part I was prepared with data from the cases and these were circulated among PWP and discussed in the second workshop.

8. Limitations • Evaluation design is limited to TOR variables and design provided by the TOR. • Data needed are assumed to be with PWP members and will be made available by them. • Since PWP asked for involvement of non-members, only agencies/organizations referred to by PWP members were included.

9. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

10. POLICY before year 2000 There were policy statements calling for integrated management of water resources before year 2000: • Presidential Decree 424, 1974 • The PD created the National Water Resources Board or NWRB. To “Effect inter-sectoral/inter-departmental coordination of water resources plans and programs within the context of national plans and policies for social and economic development…” • The Water Code of 1976 “There is a need for a Water Code based on rational concepts of integrated and multi-purpose management of water resources and sufficiently flexible to adequately meet future developments.”

11. The First National Water Summit, 1994 “…urgent need to properly manage the nation’s water in a sustainable manner, and the need for an integration and coordination of all water related efforts towards a more focused approach to water resources management.” “The government of the Philippines had decided to pursue, consistent with the December 1994 Water Summit decisions, an integrated water resources management based on river basin approach as the direction for future water resources planning and investment.” From the UN Freshwater Philippine Report, 2004.

12. Policy after year 2000 2004 Medium Term Development Plan 2004 to 2010 2004 Clean Water Act 2005 Adoption of Collaborative Approach to Watershed Management by DENR 2006 IWRM Framework Plan 2008 Creation of Sub Committee on Water Resources, Infrastructure Committee, NEDA 2009 Climate Change Act 2010 Philippine Water Supply Sector Roadmap 2010 National Framework Strategy for Climate Change 2010 Philippine Development Plan for 2011 to 2016

13. Policy observation IWRM has been in the policy since the passing of the Philippine Water Code (1976) Gap: • attention to managing water asa product and service of ecosystem state and function; • decentralized/ local water governance Policy agenda: • integration of natural systems or the use of ecosystem management tools and processes • Local government integration with link to river basin organization

14. Sector Policies

15. Irrigation Sector • Issues: • decreasing water, • siltation and • technology • Policy agenda: • Collaboration/ integration with the upstream communities • Integration of natural system through Ecosystem Management

16. Water supply and sanitation • The Water Quality Management Area (WQMA) Board of the Clean Water Act provided a platform for integration and coordination. Policy Agenda • Harmonization with River Basin and Watershed policies. • Attention to ecosystem services in supplying water and facilitating sanitation

17. Flood Management • Policy Gaps • An integrated policy to address flow of water on land and through infrastructures and built-up areas. Understanding Environmental Flow using Ecosystem Management and tools

18. River Basin Sector • The Policy is in place. • Coordinating and control office established • Policy Gap: • Organizing watershed of tributaries for local and decentralized water management. • A structure for vertical and horizontal integration.

19. Forest / Upper watershed • Policy provides structure for coordination/ integration with communities and local government units. • Policy Gaps • A guideline for utilization of the forest for water storage and water production vs. production forest and timber production • Certain myths in the sector are overcome by recent scientific findings and should be addressed. • Ecosystem management and tools could help dispel these myths.

20. Decentralization • Partial devolution of natural resource management helping decentralization of water resource management. • Awareness of the impact of climate change and the need to adapt made local government units embrace water resource management and integrate same in their administrative and legislative systems • Policy Gap • A guideline for adoption of IWRM in local government .

21. Water users’ organization • Gap: • Frequent changes in measures to regulate utilization of water were seen over the years • Policy Agenda • Influence in policies can be balanced by integrating consumers’ education and mainstreaming consumers’ concerns. • Ecosystem management in water users’ operation can redirect water supply policy and regulation from infrastructure orientation to ecosystem integration and collaboration.

22. water Legislation framework

23. Legislated laws affecting water resources before and after year 2000 Before Year 2000 After Year 2000 2001 RA 9147. Wildlife Resources and Conservation Act. 2004 RA 9275 The Clean Water Act 2009 R.A. 9729. Climate Change Act • 1963, RA 3601 creation of National Irrigation Administration • 1966, RA 4850, Laguna Lake Development Authority • 1971 RA 6234 Creation of Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System • 1990, RA 7160. The Local Government Code

24. Continuation Before Year 2000 • 1995 RA 8041 The National Water Crisis Act • 1997 Agriculture and Fishery Modernization Act • Electrical Power Industry Reform Act • 1987 The Philippine Constitution

25. An Integrated Water Legislation Framework (GWP INBO) Criteria Adoption level* 1.9 (To a little extent) 1.9 (To a little extent) • National, provincial and local water laws and policies determine how stakeholders play their respective roles in the development and management of water resources. • Basin organizations are put up by law and have a strong mandate

26. Criteria Adoption Level 2.6 (To a little extent) 2.3 (To a little extent) 2.1 (To a little extent) 3. Laws and water policies spell out rules, responsibility and accountability of public and private sectors 4. Water management framework ispart of an existing national administrative system 5. Basin and national water policy management plans are harmonized. ________ *Rated by 25 PWP members in a workshop

27. Institutional framework

28. Figure 10 Emerging Pattern of Institutional Integration Local

29. Emerging patterns • Three separate initiatives for integration coming from: • National level with NWRB and NEDA sub committee on water • Mezzo level with river basin organizations • Local governments with community watershed organizations • Vertical integration is taking two paths • River basin organizations under RBCO with NEDA sub committee on water to NWRB • Watersheds outside river basins are integrated through local government units to the Regional Development Councils to RBCO to NWRB through NEDA sub committee on water • Horizontal integration • National agencies with NEDA sub committee on water • 20 river basin organizations with RBCO • RBOs and RDCs • Islands consortium • Provinces integrating watershed organizations.

30. Impeding factors in the implementation of IWRM • Inadequate and/or undefined mechanisms for coordination. • Discussion on mechanism for coordination is focused at the national level. • Unresolved issues for restructuring central level water authority. • Water sector policies do not have mechanisms for coordination with other sectors (no lateral nodes for integration)

31. 5. Inadequate studies 6. Not engaging the education sector for research and outreach. 7. Not enough public awareness 8. Inadequate understanding of the depth of issues of water resources particularly at the ecosystems level (natural systems integration). 9. Lack of recognition and encouragement for existing effort in other water resources management levels

32. Way Forward

33. The following maybe considered in policy reviews: • Provision of specific sector mechanism for coordination, • Attention to watershedsor catchments below 1,000 km2 which is the area for river basin classification and provide coordinating guidelines for areas outside the 20 major river basins. • Establish a guideline for LGUs in the integration of water management in its administrative system. • Provide quality information for policy formulation.

34. Gaps at the national level coordination may be filled up by including guideline for • Collaboration • Representation • Primacy of stakeholders’ determination • Use of quality information • Conflict resolution mechanism • Technical/ scientific input

35. Work towards the economic regulation of the production aspect of water in addition to the regulation of its utilization. • Awareness and education towards ecosystem services • Concept development of WRM units as nodes of integration and their operationalization. • Collegial learning among the 20 organized river basin management units in the country and other water management bodies • Need for specific guidelines for vertical and horizontal integration at river basins/ watersheds

36. End For feedback and questions, email Jessica_c_salas@yahoo.com