Effective Assessment: Goal- and Objective-Setting and Curriculum Mapping

1. Effective Assessment: Goal- and Objective-Setting and Curriculum Mapping

2. Some Important Assessment “Basics” • Establishing congruence among institutional goals, programmatic and course objectives, learning opportunities, and assessments • Distinguishing between goals and objectives • Using a variety of measures, both quantitative and qualitative, in search of convergence • Value of course-embedded assessment

3. Goals and Objectives: What’s the Difference? • Goals are broader, more general, and non-measurable as stated • “Students will gain an understanding of the scientific method.” • Objectives are narrower, more specific, and at least “translatable” into a measure • At the program level: “Students will demonstrate the ability to formulate hypotheses, analyze data, and reach conclusions.” • At the course level: “Students will be able to perform an analysis of variance and interpret its results.”

4. Advantages of Course-Embedded Assessment • Least time- and labor-intensive • Direct, necessary involvement of faculty • Student motivation assured • Face validity of measures assured (i.e., “authentic” assessment) • And, most important, its implications for immediate and direct feedback to individual faculty (and, therefore, for “closing the loop”)

5. Assessment’s “Four Steps” • Setting objectives: “What you say you do” • Curriculum mapping: “How you do what you say you do” • Assessment: “How you know you are doing what you say you do” • “Closing the loop”: “What you do next based on results”

6. Programmatic Objectives

7. Involve all faculty teaching in program Program objectives should reflect institutional and program Mission Statement Best objectives result from faculty-negotiated agreement about what students in the program should “be like” upon completing program Focus on five or so core objectives to begin with – that’s plenty! Developing Programmatic Objectives: Some General Suggestions

8. What do you expect of students in terms of knowledge, skills, behavior, and attitudes? What achievements do you expect of graduates in your field? What profiles of your alumni do you have, or can you develop in terms of issues you believe are important? Developing Program Objectives: Basic Questions in Getting Started

9. Developing Program Objectives: Some Typical Areas of Interest • Knowledge of content • Communication ability (written and oral) • Information literacy ability (library use and computer proficiency) • Quantitative reasoning • Critical thinking • Analytic and interpretative ability

10. Specific Guidelines for Setting Program Objectives Three Basic Rules

11. Good Example: “Students will demonstrate the ability to formulate hypotheses, analyze data, and draw conclusions.” Poor Example: “Students will demonstrate the ability to perform an ANOVA.” Rule #1: Identify Overarching Concepts, Not “Course-Level” Objectives

12. Good Example: “Students will acquire and demonstrate knowledge and skills necessary to solve complex business problems in one or more areas of emphasis.” Poor Example: “Our objective is to enhance students’ intellectual growth.” Rule #2: State Objectives Using Concrete Language and Action Verbs

13. Good Example: “Students will demonstrate clear and effective oral communication skills.” Poor Example: “Students will successfully complete four Oral Intensive courses.” Rule #3: Focus on Results, Not Process

14. Course Objectives

15. Course Objectives Should: • Reflect program goals and objectives • Be developed within the context of the program and, ideally, involve all faculty who teach the course • Be more concrete and specific than program objectives • Be measurable • Be included on course syllabi

16. Questions To Ask • Which program objectives are most appropriately covered in your course? (no course can – or need – do everything!) • How can you effectively “translate” the program objectives into course-level objectives? • What specific activities do you provide to your students that enable them to achieve these objectives? • What specific assignments enable you to determine their level of achievement? • Based on the outcomes, what can you conclude about that level of achievement, and do you need to do anything differently the next time?

17. “Categories” of Course Objectives • Cognitive – what do you want students to know? • Behavioral – what competencies do you want them to demonstrate? • Attitudinal – are their particular values you want them to adopt?

18. Sample Program Objectives – Sociology Department • Student understands and can explain major theories of social behavior. • Student understands the nature and purposes of social research and understands different methodological techniques. • Student can apply theories and research methods to real-world situations. • Student can describe these issues effectively in oral and written form.

19. Translating Programmatic Objectives into Course Objectives (Handout #1) • Value of fairly broad student learning goals that can then be operationalized more specifically at the course level (especially when different courses involved) • Importance of making sure that “compound” objectives can be broken down into discrete parts, each of which, when assessed, yields a distinct sub-score (holistic scoring less useful) • Again, individual courses need to do everything – what is important is that, when all courses are considered overall, all programmatic objectives are covered adequately • Common technique for determining this: Curriculum mapping

20. Curriculum Mapping: Assessment’s Second Step Matching Programmatic Objectives to Curricular Activities

21. Multiple Benefits of Curriculum Mapping • Increased clarity as to extent to which – and where – programmatic objectives are being covered and accomplished • Increased awareness by faculty of their – and others’ – responsibilities in delivering the curriculum, as well as a better understanding of the entire program • Multiple opportunities for establishing consensus about the curriculum as well as faculty ownership and contributions • Positive implications for developing a comprehensive “assessment database”

22. Basic Steps in Curriculum Mapping • Involve all faculty teaching in program • Survey faculty with respect to their coverage of learning objectives • Share information with faculty for review and discussion • Reach consensus regarding extent to which program is addressing objectives adequately and develop strategies for change as necessary

23. Maximizing Information Gained Through Curriculum Mapping • Have faculty indicate the extent to which they cover the learning goals for each course they teach • And, while you’re at it, survey if they are assessing students’ mastery of the objectives • If so, have them indicate the type of measure they are using, and even the specific assessment activity being utilized

24. Sample Form for Collecting Course Information (Handout #2)

25. Hypothetical Example – Bachelor of Music Composition Program (Handout #3) • Grid reveals much useful information about curriculum • Are all goals being covered adequately? • Are there “gaps” in coverage of goals? • Are some goals being covered excessively? • Are different sections of courses providing the same emphases? • Process also yields rich “assessment database” for determining program effectiveness

26. Summarizing the Benefits of Curriculum Mapping • Effective tool for consensus- and community-building in a department or program • Promotes “holistic” perspective of a curriculum • Clarifies relationships between courses (e.g., course sections, prerequisites) • Can result in prolific assessment database through “extraction” of assessment products